{"id":1840,"date":"2026-05-15T12:27:34","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T03:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1840"},"modified":"2026-05-15T21:19:13","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T12:19:13","slug":"%e3%82%a8%e3%83%9b%e3%83%90%e3%81%ae%e8%a8%bc%e4%ba%ba","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1840","title":{"rendered":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248Wikipedia\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses\">\u201cJehovah&#8217;s Witnesses\u201d<\/a> 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-3\">\u80cc\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b\uff1a<\/strong>\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u904b\u52d5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center is-style-sango-with-shadow\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 19%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>1870\u5e74\u3001\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u30ba\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u3068\u305d\u306e\u4ef2\u9593\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30eb\u30d9\u30cb\u30a2\u5dde\u30d4\u30c3\u30c4\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u3067\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u7d50\u6210\u3057\u305f[48]\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u9b42\u306e\u4e0d\u6ec5\u3001\u5730\u7344\u306e\u706b\u3001\u4e88\u5b9a\u8aac\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u518d\u81e8\u3001\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u713c\u6ec5\u306a\u3069\u3001\u4e3b\u6d41\u6d3e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u306b\u7570\u8b70\u3092\u5531\u3048\u305f[49]\u30021876\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u30cd\u30eb\u30bd\u30f3\u30fbH\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3068\u51fa\u4f1a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5171\u540c\u3067\u300eThree Worlds\uff08\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u4e16\u754c\uff09\u300f\u3092\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u56de\u5fa9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3068\u7d42\u672b\u9810\u8a00\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f[49]\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f3\/C.T._Russell.gif\" alt=\"\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u30ba\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\uff08\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u5275\u8a2d\u8005\uff09\"><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u66f8\u7c4d\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u53d6\u308a\u6271\u3044\u304c\u6642\u4ee3\u533a\u5206\u3054\u3068\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u304c\u300c\u53ce\u7a6b\u300d\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u7d42\u308f\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f1874\u5e74\u306b\u76ee\u306b\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u5f62\u3067\u518d\u81e8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u300c\u798f\u97f3\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u53ce\u7a6b\u300d\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u305f[49]\u3002\u540c\u66f8\u306f\u30011914\u5e74\u304c\u300c\u7570\u90a6\u4eba\u306e\u6642\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b2,520\u5e74\u306e\u671f\u9593\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a[50]\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u306b\u4e16\u754c\u793e\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u78ba\u7acb\u3078\u3068\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f[51]\u30021878\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u3068\u30d0\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u5171\u540c\u3067\u5b97\u6559\u96d1\u8a8c\u300eHerald of the Morning\u300f\u3092\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u305f[52]\u30021879\u5e746\u6708\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306f\u6559\u7406\u4e0a\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c7a\u5225\u3057\u3001\u540c\u5e747\u6708\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u300eZion&#8217;s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ&#8217;s Presence\u300f\u8a8c\u306e\u767a\u884c\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u305f[53]\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u304c\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u304c\u300c\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306e\u65e5\u300d\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u304b\u3064\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u306a\u56de\u5fa9\u306e\u65b0\u6642\u4ee3\u304c\u5dee\u3057\u8feb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f[54]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1879\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u652f\u6301\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306a\u4f1a\u8846\u3068\u3057\u3066\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u5225\u306b\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u300230\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u30011879\u5e74\u304b\u30891880\u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3092\u8a2a\u554f\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u63a8\u5968\u3059\u308b\u96c6\u4f1a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u305f[54]\u30021881\u5e74\u3001\u30b7\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30d8\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30b3\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u5bb0\u3055\u308c\u30011884\u5e74\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u518a\u5b50\u3084\u8056\u66f8\u3092\u914d\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u540c\u5354\u4f1a\u3092\u975e\u55b6\u5229\u4e8b\u696d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316\u3057\u305f[55][56]\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u300eStudies in the Scriptures\uff08\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u300f\u3068\u984c\u3059\u308b6\u5dfb\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u305f[57]\u30021900\u5e74\u9803\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u306e\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30d5\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306e\u5de1\u56de\u6587\u66f8\u8ca9\u58f2\u8005\uff08\u30b3\u30eb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u3092\u7d44\u7e54\u3057[53]\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5ba3\u6559\u5e2b\u3092\u4efb\u547d\u3057\u3001\u652f\u90e8\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30021910\u5e74\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u306f100\u4eba\u8fd1\u3044\u300c\u5de1\u793c\u8005\uff08pilgrims\uff09\u300d\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u5de1\u56de\u8aac\u6559\u8005\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f[58]\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u5ba3\u6559\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u3001\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u56fd\u969b\u51fa\u7248\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3057[59][60]\u30011912\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7c73\u56fd\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5e83\u304f\u914d\u5e03\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u8457\u8005\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f[61]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u300e\u5275\u9020\u306e\u5199\u771f\u5287\uff08The Photo-Drama of Creation\uff09\u300f\u3092\u76e3\u7763\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u984c\u6750\u3068\u3057\u305f8\u6642\u9593\u306b\u53ca\u3076\u8996\u8074\u899a\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f[62]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f1909\u5e74\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u672c\u90e8\u3092\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u5e02\u30d6\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u3078\u79fb\u8ee2\u3057\u3001\u5370\u5237\u65bd\u8a2d\u3068\u6cd5\u4eba\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u3092\u793c\u62dd\u65bd\u8a2d\u3068\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30dc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u300c\u30d9\u30c6\u30eb\u300d\u3068\u540d\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u8fd1\u96a3\u306e\u4f4f\u5c45\u65bd\u8a2d\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3053\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u3092\u300c\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3073\u3001\u3088\u308a\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u306f\u300c\u56fd\u969b\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\u300d\u3068\u79f0\u3057\u305f[63]\u30021910\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3067\u7d045\u4e07\u4eba\u304c\u3053\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a[64]\u3001\u5404\u4f1a\u8846\u306f\u6bce\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u3092\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u7267\u5e2b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u9078\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f[65]\u3002\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f1916\u5e7410\u670831\u65e5\u3001\u5ba3\u6559\u8b1b\u6f14\u65c5\u884c\u304b\u3089\u623b\u308b\u9014\u4e2d\u300164\u6b73\u3067\u6b7b\u53bb\u3057\u305f[66]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-4\">\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:15% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a1\/J.F._Rutherford.gif\" alt=\"1910\u5e74\u306e\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\"><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>1917\u5e741\u6708\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9867\u554f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u671f\u4f1a\u9577\u306b\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u51fa\u306b\u306f\u7570\u8b70\u304c\u5531\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u304b\u3064\u79d8\u5bc6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306b\u884c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u975e\u96e3\u3057\u305f[67]\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3068\u53cd\u5bfe\u8005\u306e\u9593\u306e\u5206\u88c2\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c10\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u6210\u54e1\u96e2\u8131\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f[23][68]\u3002\u5909\u5316\u3068\u6210\u5c31\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u4e88\u6e2c\u3078\u306e\u5931\u671b\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u5728\u4efb\u521d\u671f\u306b\u306f\u6570\u4e07\u4eba\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u96e2\u8131\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u56e3\u4f53\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f[69][70][71][72]\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u5927\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306f\u300c\u30c9\u30fc\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\u300d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f[73]\u3002\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u5728\u4efb\u4e2d\u306b\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u8af8\u8aac\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30e9\u30f3\u30fb\u30ed\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7dcf\u6570\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u78ba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b[74]\u30021919\u5e74\u534a\u3070\u307e\u3067\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u304a\u3088\u305d7\u4eba\u306b1\u4eba\u304c\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u65ad\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30021921\u5e74\u304b\u30891931\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e4\u5206\u306e3\u304c\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[71][75]\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\u3067\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4fe1\u6761\u3084\u5b9f\u8df5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u7279\u5fb4\u7684\u300d\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6238\u5225\u8a2a\u554f\u4f1d\u9053\u306e\u63a8\u9032\u3001\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30de\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u7570\u6559\u7684\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u795d\u796d\u306e\u7981\u6b62\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u4e00\u672c\u306e\u676d\u3067\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6559\u3048\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3088\u308a\u7d71\u4e00\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d44\u7e54\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306a\u3069\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b[76]\u30021919\u5e74\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u5404\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u8cac\u4efb\u8005\u3092\u4efb\u547d\u3059\u308b\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3001\u7fcc\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u5168\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u6bce\u9031\u306e\u4f1d\u9053\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u30d6\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u672c\u90e8\u3078\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6307\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f[77]\u30021920\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u3084\u30a4\u30b5\u30af\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u4eba\u65cf\u9577\u305f\u3061\u304c1925\u5e74\u306b\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5343\u5e74\u7d71\u6cbb\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f[78][79]\u30021917\u5e747\u6708\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u300eThe Finished Mystery\uff08\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5965\u7fa9\uff09\u300f\u3092\u3001\u300e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u300f\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u7b2c7\u5dfb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u907a\u7a3f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u30af\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u30f3\u30fb\u30a6\u30c3\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u3001\u30ac\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30b6\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u57f7\u7b46\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f[80]\u3002\u3053\u306e\u66f8\u7c4d\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30d7\u30ed\u30c6\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u8056\u8077\u8005\u3001\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u3078\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\u306e\u95a2\u4e0e\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f[81]\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u30011918\u5e74\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u5e79\u90e8\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30b9\u30d1\u30a4\u6cd5\u9055\u53cd\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6247\u52d5\u7f6a\u3067\u6295\u7344\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u66b4\u5f92\u306b\u3088\u308b\u66b4\u529b\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5e79\u90e8\u305f\u3061\u306f1919\u5e743\u6708\u306b\u91c8\u653e\u3055\u308c\u30011920\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u8a34\u8ffd\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f[82]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1931\u5e747\u670826\u65e5\u3001\u30aa\u30cf\u30a4\u30aa\u5dde\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30d0\u30b9\u3067\u958b\u304b\u308c\u305f\u5927\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u540d\u79f0\u300cJehovah&#8217;s witnesses\uff08\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30a4\u30b6\u30e4\u66f843\u7ae010\u7bc0\u300c\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306f\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u4e3b\u306f\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u9078\u3093\u3060\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u50d5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u304c\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u3001\u4fe1\u3058\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u609f\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u795e\u306f\u9020\u3089\u308c\u305a\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u3082\u306a\u3044\u300d\uff08\u6b3d\u5b9a\u8a33\u8056\u66f8\uff09\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u540d\u79f0\u306f\u6c7a\u8b70\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63a1\u629e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u540d\u79f0\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u96c6\u56e3\u3092\u3001\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u8882\u3092\u5206\u304b\u3063\u305f\u4ed6\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u96c6\u56e3\u3068\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u307e\u305f\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u898b\u89e3\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u3068\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u4f1d\u9053\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u63a8\u9032\u3092\u8c61\u5fb4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f[15][16]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1932\u5e74\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u5730\u57df\u3054\u3068\u306b\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u9577\u8001\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3057\u305f[77]\u30021938\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u300c\u795eocratic\uff08\u795e\u653f\u7684\uff09\u300d\u7d44\u7e54\u5236\u5ea6\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4efb\u547d\u3092\u30d6\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u672c\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u884c\u3046\u4f53\u5236\u3092\u6574\u3048\u305f[77]\u3002\u6b7b\u5f8c\u306e\u751f\u547d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6559\u7406\u3082\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u5728\u4efb\u4e2d\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f93\u6765\u304b\u3089\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3001144,000\u4eba\u304c\u30cf\u30eb\u30de\u30b2\u30c9\u30f3\u3092\u751f\u304d\u6b8b\u308a\u3001\u5929\u3067\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3068\u5171\u306b\u5730\u4e0a\u3092\u7d71\u6cbb\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3001\u300c\u5927\u7fa4\u8846\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u5225\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u5c64\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u306f\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u56de\u5fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u697d\u5712\u3067\u751f\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30021935\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u3053\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u3078\u306e\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u6539\u5b97\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5927\u7fa4\u8846\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f[83][84]\u30021930\u5e74\u4ee3\u534a\u3070\u307e\u3067\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u81e8\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u3001\u738b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5373\u4f4d\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306e\u65e5\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u306f\u3044\u305a\u308c\u30821914\u5e74\u3078\u3068\u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u305f[85]\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u89e3\u91c8\u304c\u767a\u5c55\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u65d7\u3078\u306e\u656c\u793c\u306f\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dd\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u56fd\u3067\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u66b4\u5f92\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u3084\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u53cd\u767a\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f[86][87]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-5\">\u30cd\u30a4\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30ce\u30a2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u7167\uff1a<\/strong>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6559\u7406\u306e\u767a\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:20% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/87\/NathanHomerKnorr-WTPres.png\" alt=\"\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\u7b2c3\u4ee3\u4f1a\u9577 \u30cd\u30a4\u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30ce\u30a2\"><\/figure><div 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Congregation of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses, Inc.\u300d\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u660e\u78ba\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f[105]\u30021977\u5e74\u306e\u30ce\u30a2\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u3001\u4f1a\u9577\u8077\u306f\u30d5\u30ec\u30c7\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30ba[106]\u3001\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30f3\u30fb\u30d8\u30f3\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb[107]\u3001\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u30c7\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u30ba[108]\u3001\u30ed\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30b7\u30e9\u30f3\u30b3[109]\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" 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id=\"i-9\">\u6027\u5225\u5f79\u5272<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u7537\u5973\u88dc\u5b8c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u5973\u6027\u89b3\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u50d5\u3084\u9577\u8001\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6a29\u5a01\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u306b\u5c31\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\u7537\u6027\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5973\u6027\u306f\u3001\u516c\u306e\u4f1d\u9053\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u30d9\u30c6\u30eb\u3067\u5949\u4ed5\u3057[139]\u3001144,000\u4eba\u306e\u4e00\u54e1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u516c\u8a00\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u308b[140]\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u76f4\u63a5\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044[141]\u3002\u307e\u308c\u306b\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7537\u6027\u304c\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5973\u6027\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u4ee3\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306f\u6559\u3048\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u969b\u306b\u982d\u3092\u8986\u308f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044[139]\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u306b\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6027\u5225\u3068\u3057\u3066\u751f\u304d\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6027\u5225\u9069\u5408\u624b\u8853\u3092\u8eab\u4f53\u640d\u58ca\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[142]\u3002\u670d\u88c5\u3084\u8eab\u3060\u3057\u306a\u307f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u614e\u307f\u6df1\u3055\u306f\u3001\u7537\u5973\u53cc\u65b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u308b[143]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-10\">\u4fe1\u6761<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b\uff1a<\/strong>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4fe1\u6761<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u6559\u6d3e\u304c1\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u5fa9\u8208\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b[144]\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u6d41\u6d3e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u304c\u6642\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u771f\u306e\u5d07\u62dd\u304b\u3089\u9038\u8131\u3057\u3001\u30ab\u30bf\u30ea\u6d3e\u306a\u3069\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u304c\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u56de\u5fa9\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u8a66\u307f\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u306f\u300c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u9060\u304f\u307e\u3067\u9032\u307e\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b[145]\u3002\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u3084\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u53e4\u3044\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3042\u307e\u308a\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u3067\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3092\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306b\u6240\u8535\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[146]\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u3092\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u30fb\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u78ba\u3067\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u591a\u304f\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306f\u8c61\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[147]\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u53e4\u5730\u7403\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b[148]\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30c6\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u6b63\u5178\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u3001\u970a\u611f\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8aa4\u308a\u306a\u304d\u795e\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b[149]\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306a\u500b\u4eba\u8056\u66f8\u8aad\u66f8\u304c\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u52e7\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3068\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6559\u7406\u3084\u300c\u79c1\u7684\u306a\u8003\u3048\u300d\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6212\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u732e\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u8b66\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[150]\u3002\u4fe1\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300c\u771f\u7406\uff08The Truth\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076[151]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" 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id=\"i-20\">\u61f2\u6212\u51e6\u5206<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b\uff1a<\/strong>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u61f2\u6212\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6559\u56e3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[231]\u3002\u540c\u6559\u6d3e\u306f\u3001\u6559\u7406\u3084\u5b9f\u8df5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7570\u8ad6\u3092\u5bb9\u8a8d\u305b\u305a[137]\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306b\u516c\u7136\u3068\u53cd\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u306b\u75c5\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u300d\u3068\u975e\u96e3\u3055\u308c\u308b[232][233]\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4fe1\u8005\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30c9\uff08fade\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u61f2\u6212\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u96c6\u4f1a\u51fa\u5e2d\u3092\u3084\u3081\u308b[141]\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5143\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5fcc\u907f\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b[234]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u4e0d\u6b63\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u544a\u767a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u975e\u6210\u54e1\u3068\u4ea4\u969b\u3057\u305f\u304c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u306b\u306f\u8a72\u5f53\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u300c\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff08marked\uff09\u300d\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b[231]\u3002\u5225\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4f1a\u8846\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u3068\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u52a9\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u308b[235]\u3002\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6848\u4ef6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u6212\u544a\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6392\u65a5\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u3067\u306f\u30013\u4eba\u306e\u9577\u8001\u304c\u88ab\u544a\u3068\u9762\u8ac7\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b[235]\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6848\u4ef6\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u6027\u7684\u975e\u884c[123][236]\u307e\u305f\u306f\u80cc\u6559\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b[237]\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8f38\u8840\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\uff08\u53f8\u6cd5\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff09[91]\u3001\u55ab\u7159[91]\u3001\u5a2f\u697d\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u85ac\u7269\u4f7f\u7528[91]\u3001\u96e2\u5a5a\uff08\u914d\u5076\u8005\u304c\u59e6\u6deb\u3092\u72af\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3092\u9664\u304f\uff09[199]\u3001\u795d\u796d\u65e5[238]\u3084\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u306e\u795d\u3044[239]\u3001\u4e2d\u7d76\uff08\u6bba\u4eba\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09[240]\u3001\u9078\u6319\u6295\u7968\u306a\u3069\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52d5[181]\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u306f\u3001\u9577\u8001\u306b\u306e\u307f\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300eShepherd the Flock of 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6642\u671f\u306b\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u8d08\u308a\u7269\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u304c\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u795d\u796d\u3092\u6b20\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u611f\u3058\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[259]\u3002\u7d50\u5a5a\u8a18\u5ff5\u65e5\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[260]\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u95a2\u9023\u7523\u696d\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5175\u5f79\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u902e\u6355\u30fb\u6295\u7344\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b[261]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u56fd\u65d7\u3078\u306e\u656c\u793c\u3084\u611b\u56fd\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3078\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u3082\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[252]\u3002\u4fe1\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u56fd\u5bb6\u3084\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\u3092\u8d85\u8d8a\u3057\u305f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u4e00\u54e1\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[262]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u53cd\u30ab\u30eb\u30c8\u904b\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u3092\u6b20\u304f\u5b58\u5728\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6d17\u8133\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044[263]\u3002\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30fb\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u30c7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5343\u5e74\u738b\u56fd\u904b\u52d5\u3078\u52a0\u5165\u3059\u308b\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u5927\u534a\u306f\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u9078\u629e\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c[264]\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u96e2\u8131\u8005\u306b\u306f\u300c\u5c0a\u53b3\u3042\u308b\u9000\u51fa\u300d\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3082\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b[232]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u540c\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u904b\u55b6\u3092\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u63cf\u5199\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[265]\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u30ed\u30c9\u30cb\u30fc\u30fb\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30af\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u300c\u5e38\u306b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u306b\u306f\u300c\u304b\u306a\u308a\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u57fa\u6e96\u3078\u306e\u9069\u5408\u300d\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f37\u5236\u306f\u300c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u975e\u516c\u5f0f\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u96c6\u56e3\u5185\u306e\u7dca\u5bc6\u306a\u53cb\u60c5\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u81ea\u8eab\u3082\u300c\u652f\u914d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6a29\u529b\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u300d\u3068\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b[113]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1984\u5e74\u306b\u300eThe Elementary Forms of New Religious Life\u300f\u304c\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u3066\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u65b0\u5b97\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u3092\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u80af\u5b9a\u578b\u300d\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u9806\u5fdc\u578b\u300d\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u62d2\u7d76\u578b\u300d\u3068\u5206\u985e\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u62d2\u7d76\u578b\u300d\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u305f[12]\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30fbR\u30fb\u30a6\u30a3\u30eb\u30bd\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u793e\u4f1a\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u52a0\u5165\u5e0c\u671b\u8005\u306b\u300c\u9069\u6027\u8a66\u9a13\u300d\u3092\u8ab2\u3057\u3001\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u61f2\u6212\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u732e\u8eab\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f[266]\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u30ed\u30ca\u30eb\u30c9\u30fb\u30ed\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u540c\u56e3\u4f53\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u30fb\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u3001\u4fe1\u8005\u3078\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u6559\u5316\u3001\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u5185\u90e8\u898f\u5f8b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u5f53\u306a\u8feb\u5bb3\u304c\u3001\u7d42\u672b\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5207\u8feb\u611f\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u3092\u652f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[267]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a2\u30e9\u30f3\u30fb\u30ed\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u540c\u56e3\u4f53\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u90e8\u3092\u5168\u4f53\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u63cf\u5199\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[268]\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30e0\u30ba\u30fb\u30a2\u30fc\u30f4\u30a3\u30f3\u30fb\u30ea\u30d2\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u9000\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b[269]\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30e0\u30ba\u30fbA\u30fb\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u540c\u56e3\u4f53\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u300c\u5168\u4f53\u5316\u7684\uff08totalizing\uff09\u300d\u3068\u5206\u985e\u3057\u3001\u65ad\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u6307\u5c0e\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u304b\u3064\u72ed\u3044\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3068\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7af6\u5408\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u306e\u7d71\u5236\u3001\u65b0\u898f\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u8cea\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u306a\u3069\u3092\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6319\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u6a29\u529b\u3068\u306e\u6469\u64e6\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u56e3\u4f53\u3068\u306e\u5354\u529b\u3078\u306e\u6d88\u6975\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u96e2\u8131\u7387\u3001\u4f4e\u3044\u6559\u7406\u5909\u66f4\u7387\u3001\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u3082\u305d\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6319\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b[270]\u3002\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u56e3\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u795e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u6210\u5c31\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3065\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff09\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u304c\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u78ba\u4fe1\uff09\u3001\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u6210\u54e1\u3092\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u3078\u99c6\u308a\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3001\u5408\u7406\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u6559\u7406\u306f\u795e\u79d8\u6027\u3092\u6392\u3057\u305f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u76e4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3068\u3044\u3046\u78ba\u4fe1\uff09\u3001\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u6279\u5224\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u306a\u3044\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u898f\u5247\u63d0\u793a\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e16\u4fd7\u7121\u95a2\u5fc3\uff08\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3084\u4e00\u90e8\u533b\u7642\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u62d2\u5426\uff09\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[271]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5143\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u30d8\u30b6\u30fc\u30fb\u30dc\u30c3\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u30b2\u30a4\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30dc\u30c3\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6559\u6d3e\u306e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u3092\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30aa\u30fc\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u306e\u300e\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u56db\u5e74\u300f\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[272]\u3002\u6279\u5224\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u8efd\u8996\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u540c\u56e3\u4f53\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8cac\u4efb\u3084\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u653e\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u670d\u5f93\u4f53\u5236\u3092\u80b2\u3066\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[150][273][274][275]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u6279\u5224\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304c\u4fe1\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u77e5\u7684\u652f\u914d\u300d\u3092\u884c\u3044[276]\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7d71\u5236\u3057[277][278]\u3001\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u300d\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u975e\u96e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5143\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u6210\u54e1\u30ec\u30a4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30ba\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u30de\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b[279]\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u300cPIMO\uff08Physically In, Mentally Out\uff1a\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5916\u306b\u3044\u308b\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6559\u7406\u306b\u5185\u5fc3\u7591\u554f\u3092\u62b1\u304d\u3064\u3064\u3082\u3001\u53cb\u4eba\u3084\u5bb6\u65cf\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u7dad\u6301\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7d44\u7e54\u5185\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u6307\u3059[141]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-22\">\u8f38\u8840\u62d2\u5426<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b\uff1a<\/strong>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3068\u8f38\u8840<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u8f38\u8840\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u5f9215\u7ae028\u300129\u7bc0\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8056\u53e5\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u8f38\u8840\u306f\u795e\u306e\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3078\u306e\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b[280][281]\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7981\u6b62\u306f1945\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[91]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30c9\u30bd\u30fc\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306a\u3069\u8840\u6db2\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u98df\u54c1\u3082\u53e3\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3044[282]\u30021961\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3092\u4f34\u308f\u306a\u3044\u8f38\u8840\u53d7\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b[283]\u3002\u6210\u54e1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u300c\u751f\u6b7b\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u300d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u8f38\u8840\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6307\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[284][285]\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u533b\u7642\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u8840\u6db2\u306e\u4ee3\u66ff\u624b\u6bb5\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3068\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u300c\u8f38\u8840\u306e\u5371\u967a\u6027\u300d\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[138]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5168\u8840\u3001\u6fc3\u539a\u8d64\u8840\u7403\u3001\u8840\u5c0f\u677f\u3001\u767d\u8840\u7403\u3001\u8840\u6f3f\u300d\u306e\u8f38\u8840\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u8840\u6f3f\u5206\u753b\u6210\u5206\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5404\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u59d4\u306d\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[286]\u3002\u9577\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u5bb6\u8840\u8f38\u8840\u2015\u2015\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u8840\u6db2\u3092\u4fdd\u5b58\u3057\u5f8c\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u2015\u2015\u3082\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f[287]\u3002\u3057\u304b\u30572026\u5e743\u670820\u65e5\u3001\u8f38\u8840\u65b9\u91dd\u304c\u6539\u8a02\u3055\u308c\u3001\u8f38\u8840\u3092\u8981\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u533b\u7642\u30fb\u5916\u79d1\u51e6\u7f6e\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u8840\u6db2\u3092\u63a1\u53d6\u30fb\u4fdd\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f[288]\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u533b\u7642\u4e0a\u306e\u5b88\u79d8\u7fa9\u52d9\u304c\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8840\u6db2\u88fd\u5264\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b[289]\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u75c5\u9662\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5b88\u79d8\u7fa9\u52d9\u3092\u7834\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3082\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[290]\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u60a3\u8005\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u7121\u8f38\u8840\u4ee3\u66ff\u6cbb\u7642\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u524d\u5411\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b[289]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8f38\u8840\u304c\u751f\u547d\u7dad\u6301\u306e\u305f\u3081\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u304c\u4ecb\u5165\u3057\u3066\u8f38\u8840\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b[291][292]\u3002\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u3001\u6210\u719f\u3057\u305f\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u8005\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u8f38\u8840\u62d2\u5426\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b[293]\u30021994\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\u53f7\u306e\u300e\u76ee\u3056\u3081\u3088\uff01\u300f\u8a8c\u300c\u795e\u3092\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3057\u305f\u82e5\u8005\u305f\u3061\u300d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8f38\u8840\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3057\u305f\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u304c\u7279\u96c6\u3055\u308c\u305f[294]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u8840\u6db2\u6210\u5206\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b9a\u578b\u7684\u306a\u6c38\u7d9a\u59d4\u4efb\u72b6\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8840\u6db2\u5206\u753b\u3084\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b[295]\u3002\u540c\u6559\u6d3e\u306f\u3001\u500b\u3005\u306e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u6210\u54e1\u3001\u533b\u7642\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3001\u75c5\u9662\u3068\u306e\u5354\u529b\u4f53\u5236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u75c5\u9662\u9023\u7d61\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08Hospital Liaison Committees\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u7121\u8f38\u8840\u6cbb\u7642\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b[296]\u3002\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u524d\u3067\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8840\u6db2\u88fd\u5264\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u305f\u60a3\u8005\u306f\u3001\u65ad\u7d76\u8005\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u308b[297]\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u306eNational Secular Society\u306f\u3001\u533b\u7642\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u75c5\u9662\u304c\u75c5\u9662\u9023\u7d61\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3068\u63d0\u643a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[298]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-23\">\u6027\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u4e8b\u6848\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b\uff1a<\/strong>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5150\u7ae5\u6027\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u4e8b\u6848\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 31%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u5185\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6027\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u4e8b\u6848\u306e\u96a0\u853d\u3092\u52a9\u9577\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u91dd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6587\u5316\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u975e\u96e3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f[299]\u3002\u5150\u7ae5\u8650\u5f85\u4e8b\u6848\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u672c\u90e8\u307e\u305f\u306f\u652f\u90e8\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u3078\u9023\u7d61\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6307\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u540c\u56e3\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8981\u4ef6\u306f\u6cd5\u4ee4\u9075\u5b88\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[300]\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/51\/CS_54_Jehovah_PublicHearing.jpg\" alt=\"\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u738b\u7acb\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u300cInstitutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse\u300d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u30b9\u30bf\u30c7\u30a3\"><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u653e\u9001\u5354\u4f1a\uff08CBC\uff09\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u300c\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306b\u8cac\u4efb\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306b\u305d\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u52a0\u308f\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u9577\u8001\u306f\u4f55\u4eba\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u305f[301]\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4e8c\u4eba\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u898f\u5247\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7533\u547d\u8a1819\u7ae015\u7bc0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30de\u30bf\u30a418\u7ae015\u301c17\u7bc0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\u4e0a\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u304c\u4e0d\u6b63\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u5426\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6027\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b[302][303]\u3002\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u6307\u793a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4ef6\u3092\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u624b\u306b\u59d4\u306d\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[300]\u3002\u5143\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u4e0a\u3001\u300c\u6027\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u76ee\u6483\u3057\u305f\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u300c\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b[304]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u5150\u7ae5\u8650\u5f85\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u79d8\u5bc6\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a[305]\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306b\u306f\u300cDo Not Destroy\uff08\u5ec3\u68c4\u7981\u6b62\uff09\u300d\u3068\u306e\u8868\u793a\u304c\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u540c\u7d44\u7e54\u304c\u5150\u7ae5\u8650\u5f85\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u8abf\u67fb\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u305f\u969b\u3001\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u9577\u8001\u304c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u5185\u306e\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u30e1\u30e2\u300d\u3092\u5ec3\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u4efb\u52d9\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f[306]\u3002\u7c73\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u66f8\u63d0\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3092\u9045\u5ef6\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u540c\u56e3\u4f53\u306f1\u65e5\u3042\u305f\u308a4,000\u30c9\u30eb\u306e\u5236\u88c1\u91d1\u3092\u79d1\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7dcf\u984d\u306f200\u4e07\u30c9\u30eb\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f[307]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8650\u5f85\u7591\u60d1\u3092\u5f53\u5c40\u3078\u901a\u5831\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u540c\u56e3\u4f53\u306f\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[308]\u3002\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7fa9\u52d9\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5f53\u5c40\u3078\u901a\u5831\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u59d4\u306d\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[309]\u3002\u8056\u8077\u8005\u79d8\u533f\u7279\u6a29\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6cd5\u57df\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8650\u5f85\u306e\u544a\u767d\u306f\u79d8\u5bc6\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b[310]\u3002Silentlambs\u7d44\u7e54\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u540c\u6559\u6d3e\u5185\u306e\u6027\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5143\u9577\u8001\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30dc\u30a6\u30a8\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u6027\u7684\u975e\u884c\u4e8b\u6848\u3092\u5f53\u5c40\u3078\u5831\u544a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u4fe1\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4ed6\u306e\u6279\u5224\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u540c\u7d44\u7e54\u304c\u300c\u72af\u7f6a\u306e\u306a\u3044\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a55\u5224\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u5f53\u5c40\u3078\u306e\u901a\u5831\u306b\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u975e\u96e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[299][311]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u300c\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5c0f\u5150\u6027\u611b\u8005\u3092\u5b88\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u306e\u6279\u5224\u306b\u5bfe\u3057[304]\u3001\u540c\u7d44\u7e54\u306f\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u6700\u5584\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u89aa\u3092\u6559\u80b2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u3092\u89aa\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u304d\u96e2\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3082\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b[312]\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u88c1\u5224\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u5185\u3067\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u304b\u3089\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u7fa9\u52d9\u3092\u6020\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u904e\u5931\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f[313][314]\u3002\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5150\u7ae5\u8650\u5f85\u8a34\u8a1f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6cd5\u5ef7\u5916\u3067\u548c\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u6848\u3067\u306f78\u4e07\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u652f\u6255\u3063\u305f[304]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2015\u5e74\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u738b\u7acb\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u300cInstitutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse\u300d\u306f\u3001\u300c1950\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u304c\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f1,006\u4eba\u306e\u5150\u7ae5\u6027\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u52a0\u5bb3\u5bb9\u7591\u8005\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u7d44\u7e54\u304c\u8b66\u5bdf\u3078\u901a\u5831\u3057\u305f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u901a\u5831\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u738b\u7acb\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306b\u306f\u63d0\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u305f[315]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u540c\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u9580\u304c\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u72af\u7f6a\u901a\u5831\u7fa9\u52d9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u3078\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f[316][317]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2017\u5e74\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u6148\u5584\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5150\u7ae5\u6027\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u7591\u60d1\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8abf\u67fb\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u305f[318][319][needs update]\u30022021\u5e74\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u6148\u5584\u56e3\u4f53\u8cc7\u683c\u7dad\u6301\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6027\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u6551\u6e08\u5236\u5ea6\u3078\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u540c\u610f\u3057\u305f[320]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-24\">\u653f\u5e9c\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b\uff1a<\/strong>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3068\u653f\u5e9c \/ \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3078\u306e\u8feb\u5bb3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u56fd\u3005<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u4fe1\u6761\u3001\u6559\u7406\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u8ad6\u4e89\u306f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u56e3\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u306e\u53cd\u5bfe\u3092\u62db\u3044\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u30b1\u30f3\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8feb\u5bb3\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u304b\u3064\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u309220\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u8feb\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u96c6\u56e3\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3082\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8a18\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[321]\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8a34\u8a1f\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u306e\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u3067\u5be9\u7406\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f[322]\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u5b9f\u8df5\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u611b\u56fd\u5fc3\u306e\u8868\u660e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5175\u5f79\u3001\u8f38\u8840\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[323]\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u5074\u306b\u6709\u5229\u306a\u5224\u6c7a\u306f\u3001\u7c73\u56fd\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u8af8\u56fd\u3067\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[324]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u5f37\u5236\u53ce\u5bb9\u6240\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u56da\u4eba\u306f\u7d2b\u8272\u306e\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u306e\u6a19\u7ae0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8b58\u5225\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1933\u5e74\u3001\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u30fb\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306b\u306f\u7d0420,000\u4eba\u306e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a[325]\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u7d0410,000\u4eba\u304c\u6295\u7344\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u5175\u5f79\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30d2\u30c8\u30e9\u30fc\u7387\u3044\u308b\u30ca\u30c1\u515a\u3078\u306e\u5fe0\u8aa0\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b97\u6559\u8feb\u5bb3\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f[326][327]\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3046\u30612,000\u4eba\u306f\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u5f37\u5236\u53ce\u5bb9\u6240\u3078\u9001\u3089\u308c\u3001\u7d2b\u8272\u306e\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8b58\u5225\u3055\u308c\u305f[327]\u3002\u6700\u5927\u30671,200\u4eba\u304c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u51e6\u5211\u3055\u308c\u305f250\u4eba\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f[328][329]\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u7d5e\u9996\u5211[330]\u3001\u65ac\u9996\u5211[331][332]\u3001\u6bb4\u6253\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6b7b[333]\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u9283\u6bba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u547d\u3092\u843d\u3068\u3057\u305f[334]\u30021942\u5e74\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u72b6\u6cc1\u306f\u6539\u5584\u3057\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u8fb2\u696d\u3001\u5712\u82b8\u3001\u8f38\u9001\u3001\u8377\u5f79\u306a\u3069\u3001\u76e3\u8996\u306e\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u52b4\u52d9\u306b\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5897\u3048\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u306f\u4fdd\u990a\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u6c11\u9593\u670d\u3092\u7740\u3066\u50cd\u304d\u3001\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u5b98\u50da\u306e\u5bb6\u653f\u4fc2\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u8ecd\u65bd\u8a2d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5efa\u8a2d\u30fb\u5de5\u82b8\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3057\u305f[335]\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3067\u8feb\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3084\u30ed\u30de\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3092\u653e\u68c4\u3057\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a29\u529b\u3078\u306e\u670d\u5f93\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8ecd\u3078\u306e\u652f\u6301\u3092\u8868\u660e\u3059\u308b\u6587\u66f8\u306b\u7f72\u540d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8feb\u5bb3\u3084\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3092\u514d\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f[336]\u3002\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6\u30b7\u30d3\u30eb\u30fb\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u300c\u62f7\u554f\u3068\u6b7b\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u52c7\u6c17\u3068\u62b5\u6297\u306f\u3001\u5f93\u9806\u3067\u670d\u5f93\u7684\u306a\u81e3\u6c11\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u679a\u5ca9\u306e\u30ca\u30c1\u56fd\u5bb6\u3068\u3044\u3046\u795e\u8a71\u3092\u6253\u3061\u7815\u304f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8a18\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[337]\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u5f37\u5236\u53ce\u5bb9\u6240\u5185\u3067\u3082\u4f1d\u9053\u3092\u884c\u3044[338]\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u3092\u958b\u304d\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u5bc6\u304b\u306b\u6301\u3061\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f[339]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u30fb\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6575\u610f\u306f\u3001\u5404\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u66b4\u5f92\u884c\u52d5\u3084\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f3e\u5727\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u6027\u3068\u5175\u5f79\u62d2\u5426\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u4e2d\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5fb4\u5175\u5236\u671f\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u514d\u9664\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u56fd\u3005\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u3001\u5fb4\u5175\u62d2\u5426\u8005\u306e\u6295\u7344\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u56fd\u3005\u3067\u7981\u6b62\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[340]\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u3001\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u6559\u5f92\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u56fd\u5bb6\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b[341]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, p.&nbsp;93.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Riggs, Thomas (2006).&nbsp;<em>Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomson_Gale\">Thomson Gale<\/a>. p.&nbsp;193.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780787666118\"><bdi>9780787666118<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stanley_Kutler\">Stanley I. Kutler<\/a>, ed. (2003).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/philosophy-and-religion\/christianity\/protestant-denominations\/jehovahs-witnesses#1G23401802183\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Dictionary of American History<\/em>&nbsp;(3rd&nbsp;ed.). New York: Charles Scribner&#8217;s Sons.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-684-80533-7\"><bdi>978-0-684-80533-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;55<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBergman1995\">Bergman 1995<\/a>, p.&nbsp;33.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/library\/books\/2025-Service-Year-Report-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses-Worldwide\/2025-Grand-Totals\/\/\">&#8220;2025 Grand Totals&#8221;<\/a>. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. 2025. Retrieved&nbsp;January 9,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/library\/series\/how-your-donations-are-used\/Missionaries-to-the-Most-Distant-Part-of-the-Earth\/\">&#8220;Missionaries &#8220;to the Most Distant Part of the Earth&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>jw.org<\/em>. June 1, 2021. Retrieved&nbsp;March 22,&nbsp;2024.&nbsp;<q>Currently, there are 3,090 field missionaries worldwide. These missionaries are assigned to congregations where there is a need in the preaching work. Another 1,001 field missionaries serve in the circuit work.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2016b\">Chryssides 2016b<\/a>, p.&nbsp;429.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;118\u2013119, 151, 200\u2013201<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rodney_Stark\">Stark, Rodney<\/a>;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laurence_Iannaccone\">Iannaccone, Laurence R.<\/a>&nbsp;(1997).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171228112238\/https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/6295\/f3db6a97bbd6909aa18df688e24a8fe945a9.pdf\">&#8220;Why the Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses Grow so Rapidly: A Theoretical Application&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Journal_of_Contemporary_Religion\">Journal of Contemporary Religion<\/a><\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>12<\/strong>&nbsp;(2):&nbsp;133\u2013157.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F13537909708580796\">10.1080\/13537909708580796<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1353-7903\">1353-7903<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/6295\/f3db6a97bbd6909aa18df688e24a8fe945a9.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on December 28, 2017. Retrieved&nbsp;December 27,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See following:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20000511015547\/http:\/\/www.religioustolerance.org\/chr_defn.htm\">&#8220;Who is a Christian?&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>www.religioustolerance.org<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ontario_Consultants_on_Religious_Tolerance\">Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance<\/a>. Archived from the original on May 11, 2000. Retrieved&nbsp;December 27,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/religious-landscape-study\">&#8220;Religious Landscape Study&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Pew Research Center&#8217;s Religion &amp; Public Life Project<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pew_Research_Center\">Pew Research Center<\/a>. May 11, 2015. Retrieved&nbsp;December 27,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/worldalmanacbook01newy\/page\/704\"><em>World Almanac and Book of Facts<\/em><\/a>. New York, NY: Infobase Learning. 2011. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/worldalmanacbook01newy\/page\/704\">704\u2013705<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-60057-133-6\"><bdi>978-1-60057-133-6<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/religion\/religions\/witnesses\/ataglance\/glance.shtml\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses at a glance&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC\">BBC<\/a><\/em>. September 29, 2009. Retrieved&nbsp;December 27,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thefreedictionary.com\/Jehovah's+Witness\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witness&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>TheFreeDictionary.com<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary\">The American Heritage Dictionary<\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;December 27,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/auschwitz.org\/en\/museum\/news\/imprisoned-for-their-faith-jehovahs-witnesses-in-auschwitz,351.html\">&#8220;Imprisoned for Their Faith: Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses in Auschwitz&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>auschwitz.org<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum\">Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum<\/a>. February 5, 2004. Retrieved&nbsp;December 27,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChuPeltonen2025\">Chu &amp; Peltonen 2025<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Hill, Michael, ed. (1972). &#8220;The Embryonic State of a Religious Sect&#8217;s Development: The Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Sociological Yearbook of Religion in Britain<\/em>&nbsp;(5):&nbsp;11\u201312.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Chall, Leo P. (1978). &#8220;Sociological Abstracts&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Sociology of Religion<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>26<\/strong>&nbsp;(1\u20133): 193.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;55.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, p.&nbsp;30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witness&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Britannica Concise Encyclopedia<\/em>. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. 2007.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-59339-293-2\"><bdi>978-1-59339-293-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFFranz2007\">Franz 2007<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;274\u2013275.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Edwards, Linda (2001).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/unset0000unse_s5t3\/page\/438\"><em>A Brief Guide to Beliefs<\/em><\/a>. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. p.&nbsp;438.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-664-22259-8\"><bdi>978-0-664-22259-8<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, p.&nbsp;100.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;280\u2013283.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, p.&nbsp;221: &#8220;Doctrine has always emanated from the Society&#8217;s elite in Brooklyn and has never emerged from discussion among, or suggestion from, rank-and-file Witnesses.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;58, 61\u201362.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Chryssides\">Chryssides, George D.<\/a>&nbsp;(1999).&nbsp;<em>Exploring New Religions<\/em>. London: Continuum. p.&nbsp;5.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8264-5959-6\"><bdi>978-0-8264-5959-6<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2016a\">Chryssides 2016a<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;139\u2013140.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFKnox2018\">Knox 2018<\/a>, p.&nbsp;181.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Ransom, Heather; Monk, Rebecca; Heim, Derek (2021).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9142413\">&#8220;Grieving the Living: The Social Death of Former Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Religion and Health<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>61<\/strong>&nbsp;(3):&nbsp;2458\u20132480.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs10943-020-01156-8\">10.1007\/s10943-020-01156-8<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9142413\">9142413<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33469793\">33469793<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Grendele, Windy; Bapir-Tardy, Savin; Flax, Maya (2023).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11089-023-01074-y\">&#8220;Experiencing Religious Shunning: Insights into the Journey From Being a Member to Leaving the Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses Community&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Pastoral Psychology<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>73<\/strong>&nbsp;(1):&nbsp;43\u201361.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs11089-023-01074-y\">10.1007\/s11089-023-01074-y<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:259447164\">259447164<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFKnox2018\">Knox 2018<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;3\u20134.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBotting1993\">Botting 1993<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;1\u201313.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/202003406\">&#8220;Question Box&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Our Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. November 1, 2003. p.&nbsp;3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/202008324\">&#8220;Question Box-May both parents report the time used for the regular family study?&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Our Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. September 1, 2008. p.&nbsp;3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121204211516\/http:\/\/www.jw-media.org\/aboutjw\/article41.htm#membership\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses Official Media Web Site: Our History and Organization: Membership&#8221;<\/a>. Office of Public Information of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jw-media.org\/aboutjw\/article41.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on December 4, 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;U.S. Religious Landscape Survey Religious Affiliation: Diverse and Dynamic (Report). Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life. February 1, 2008. pp.&nbsp;9, 30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thearda.com\/us-religion\/group-profiles\/groups\">&#8220;Groups \u2013 Religious Profiles | US Religion&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>www.thearda.com<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Van Biema, David (February 25, 2008).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200221171204\/http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/nation\/article\/0,8599,1716987,00.html\">&#8220;America&#8217;s Unfaithful Faithful&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/nation\/article\/0,8599,1716987,00.html\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on February 21, 2020. Retrieved&nbsp;July 30,&nbsp;2019&nbsp;\u2013 via content.time.com.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170417032920\/http:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/files\/2013\/05\/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf\">&#8220;PEW Forum on Religion and Public Life. U.S. Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Affiliation: Diverse and Dynamic&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/files\/2013\/05\/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on April 17, 2017. Retrieved&nbsp;June 20,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2016\/04\/26\/a-closer-look-at-jehovahs-witnesses-living-in-the-u-s\">&#8220;A closer look at Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses living in the U.S.&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;Pew Research Center. April 26, 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Masci, David (October 11, 2016).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2016\/10\/11\/how-income-varies-among-u-s-religious-groups\/\">&#8220;How income varies among U.S. religious groups&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Pew Research Center<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;July 7,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;29.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/2008\/06\/01\/u-s-religious-landscape-survey-religious-beliefs-and-practices\">&#8220;Religious Beliefs and Practices&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>U.S. Religious Landscape Survey<\/em>. Pew Research Center. June 1, 2008. Retrieved&nbsp;December 14,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/religious-landscape-study\/religious-tradition\/jehovahs-witness\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>U.S. Religious Landscape Survey<\/em>. Pew Research Center. Retrieved&nbsp;December 14,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Knox, Zoe (2017). &#8220;The History of the Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses: An Appraisal of Recent Scholarship&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Religious History<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>41<\/strong>&nbsp;(2):&nbsp;258\u2013259.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1467-9809.12425\">10.1111\/1467-9809.12425<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFKnox2018\">Knox 2018<\/a>, p.&nbsp;19.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFKnox2018\">Knox 2018<\/a>, p.&nbsp;20.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, p.&nbsp;2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFCrompton1996\">Crompton 1996<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;37\u201339.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Chryssides, George (July 29, 2010).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/journal.equinoxpub.com\/IJSNR\/article\/view\/12210\">&#8220;How Prophecy Succeeds: Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses and Prophetic Expectations&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>International Journal for the Study of New Religions<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>1<\/strong>&nbsp;(1):&nbsp;33\u201348.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1558%2Fijsnr.v1i1.27\">10.1558\/ijsnr.v1i1.27<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2041-952X\">2041-952X<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBottingBotting1984\">Botting &amp; Botting 1984<\/a>, p.&nbsp;36.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, p.&nbsp;18.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Abrahams, Edward H. (1977). &#8220;The Pain of the Millennium: Charles Taze Russell and the Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses 1879\u20131916&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>American Studies<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>18<\/strong>&nbsp;(1):&nbsp;57\u201370.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0026-3079\">0026-3079<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40641257\">40641257<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, p.&nbsp;xxxiv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Vergilius Ture Anselm Ferm (1948).&nbsp;<em>Religion in the Twentieth Century<\/em>. Philosophical Library. p.&nbsp;383.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;18.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, p.&nbsp;19.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>A Chronology and Glossary of Propaganda in the United States<\/em>. Greenwood Press. 1996. p.&nbsp;35.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;26\u201329.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Ellis, W. T. (October 3, 1912). &#8220;(Title unknown)&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The Continent<\/em>. Vol.&nbsp;43, no.&nbsp;40. McCormick Publishing Company. p.&nbsp;1354.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;19.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Conser, Walter H.; Twiss, Sumner B. (1997).&nbsp;<em>Religious Diversity and American Religious History<\/em>. University of Georgia Press. p.&nbsp;136.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>The New Schaff\u2013Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge<\/em>. Vol.&nbsp;7. 1910. p.&nbsp;374.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;26.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;53.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFCrompton1996\">Crompton 1996<\/a>, p.&nbsp;101.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;39, 52.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Herbert H. Stroup (1945).&nbsp;<em>The Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. New York: Columbia University Press. pp.&nbsp;14, 15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=38SYXalMLeQC&amp;pg=PA58\">58<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=38SYXalMLeQC&amp;pg=PA61\">61<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Gruss, Edmond C. (2001).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=kSZL8BWc9KcC&amp;pg=PA218\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses: Their Claims, Doctrinal Changes, and Prophetic Speculation. What Does the Record Show?<\/em><\/a>. Xulon Press. p.&nbsp;218.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-931232-30-2\"><bdi>978-1-931232-30-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFCrompton1996\">Crompton 1996<\/a>, p.&nbsp;150.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;52.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Gruss, Edmond C. (1970).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/ApostlesOfDenial\/1970_Apostles_Of_Denial#page\/n275\/mode\/1up\"><em>Apostles of Denial: An Examination and Expos\u00e9 of the History, Doctrines and Claims of the Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co. p.&nbsp;265.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-87552-305-7\"><bdi>978-0-87552-305-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFFranz2007\">Franz 2007<\/a>, &#8220;Chapter 4&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFFranz2007\">Franz 2007<\/a>, p.&nbsp;144.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Chryssides\">Chryssides, George D.<\/a>&nbsp;(2010). &#8220;How Prophecy Succeeds: The Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses and Prophetic Expectations&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>International Journal for the Study of New Religions<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>1<\/strong>&nbsp;(1):&nbsp;27\u201348.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1558%2Fijsnr.v1i1.27\">10.1558\/ijsnr.v1i1.27<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2041-952X\">2041-952X<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;20.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;55.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;44.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, p.&nbsp;31<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;71\u201372.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFCrompton1996\">Crompton 1996<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;109\u2013110.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, p.&nbsp;35<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFGarbe2008\">Garbe 2008<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;145.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;47\u201352<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;52\u201355<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;89\u201390.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Metzger, Bruce (July 1, 1964).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200802013602\/http:\/\/www.ubs-translations.org\/tbt\/1964\/03\/TBT196403.html?seq=49\">&#8220;Book Review: New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Bible Translator<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>15<\/strong>&nbsp;(3): 151.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F000608446401500311\">10.1177\/000608446401500311<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:220318160\">220318160<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ubs-translations.org\/tbt\/1964\/03\/TBT196403.html?seq=49\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on August 2, 2020. Retrieved&nbsp;October 30,&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Gilmour, MacLean (September 1, 1966). &#8220;The Use and Abuse of the Book of Revelation&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Andover Newton Quarterly<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>7<\/strong>&nbsp;(1):&nbsp;25\u201326.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=38SYXalMLeQC&amp;pg=PA175\">174\u2013176<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Ankerberg, John; Weldon, John; Burroughs, Dillon (2008).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=rLHuulPCiTgC&amp;pg=PA43\"><em>The Facts on Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Eugene, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers. pp.&nbsp;43\u201345.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7369-3907-2\"><bdi>978-0-7369-3907-2<\/bdi><\/a>.&nbsp;See also John Ankerberg and John Weldon, 2003,&nbsp;<em>The New World Translation of the Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>, accessible&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121029043702\/http:\/\/www.johnankerberg.org\/Articles\/ATRI-Bible-School\/Fall-Bible-School\/fall-bible-school-jw-new-world-translation.htm\">online<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Gruss, Edmond C.&nbsp;<em>Apostles of Denial<\/em>. p.&nbsp;211.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Stedman, R.C., &#8220;The New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>Our Hope<\/em>&nbsp;50; 34, July 1953. 30 as quoted in Edmond C. Gruss,&nbsp;<em>Apostles of Denial<\/em>, p. 209.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Martin, W.; Klann, N. (1974).&nbsp;<em>Jehovah of the Watchtower<\/em>. Minneapolis: Bethany. p.&nbsp;161.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHoekema1963\">Hoekema 1963<\/a>, p.&nbsp;208\u2013209.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;H\u00e9bert, G., ed. (2005). &#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The New Catholic Encyclopedia<\/em>. Vol.&nbsp;7. Gale. p.&nbsp;751.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Anthony A. Hoekema (1963).&nbsp;<em>The Four Major Cults: Christian Science, Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses, Mormonism, Seventh-day Adventism<\/em>. William B. Eerdmans. pp.&nbsp;208\u2013209.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0802831176\"><bdi>0802831176<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;32, 112<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, p.&nbsp;64<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;24.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;26.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Ostling, Richard.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070930061930\/http:\/\/www.time.com\/time\/magazine\/article\/0,9171,922767,00.html\">&#8220;Witness Under Prosecution&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_(magazine)\">Time<\/a><\/em>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.time.com\/time\/magazine\/article\/0,9171,922767,00.html\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on September 30, 2007. Retrieved&nbsp;November 13,&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2003\/03\/30\/nyregion\/milton-henschel-72-executive-who-led-jehovah-s-witnesses.html\">&#8220;Milton Henschel, 72; Executive Who Led Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesse&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>. March 30, 2003. Retrieved&nbsp;November 13,&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Yearbook of American &amp; Canadian Churches 2009, Volume 2009<\/em>&nbsp;by Eileen W. Lindner, Abingdon Press, p. 131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;McCoy, Daniel J. (2021).&nbsp;<em>The Popular Handbook of World Religions<\/em>. Harvest House Publishers. p.&nbsp;287.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, p.&nbsp;19<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;95<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBottingBotting1984\">Botting &amp; Botting 1984<\/a>, p.&nbsp;46.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Stark and Iannoccone (1997).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190412073649\/http:\/\/www.kotiposti.net\/raamattu\/jt\/doc\/study-why-jw-grow-so-rapidly.pdf\">&#8220;Why the Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses Grow So Rapidly: A Theoretical Application&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Journal_of_Contemporary_Religion\">Journal of Contemporary Religion<\/a><\/em>:&nbsp;142\u2013143. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kotiposti.net\/raamattu\/jt\/doc\/study-why-jw-grow-so-rapidly.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on April 12, 2019. Retrieved&nbsp;July 16,&nbsp;2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;120\u2013122.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;123\u2013125.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;211.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;70.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;17\u201318<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (2015).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=zNfTBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA326\"><em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(3rd&nbsp;ed.). University of Toronto Press. pp.&nbsp;326,&nbsp;460\u2013461.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1442616059\"><bdi>978-1442616059<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBottingBotting1984\">Botting &amp; Botting 1984<\/a>, p.&nbsp;32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;72\u201373.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;101, 233\u2013235.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Gallagher, Eugene V.; Ashcraft, W. Michael (2006),&nbsp;<em>Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America<\/em>, vol.&nbsp;2, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, p.&nbsp;69,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-275-98712-1\"><bdi>978-0-275-98712-1<\/bdi><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Taylor, Elizabeth J. (2012).&nbsp;<em>Religion: A Clinical Guide for Nurses<\/em>. Springer Publishing Company. p.&nbsp;163.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8261-0860-9\"><bdi>978-0-8261-0860-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/file-list\/Case%20Study%2029%20-%20Transcript%20-%20Jehovahs%20Witnesses%20-%20Day%20147%20-%2027072015.pdf\">&#8220;Case Study 29: Transcript (day 147)&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse<\/em>. July 27, 2015. p.&nbsp;16.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Hesse, Hans (2001).&nbsp;<em>Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime<\/em>. Chicago: Edition Temmen c\/o. pp.&nbsp;296, 298.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-3-861-08750-2\"><bdi>978-3-861-08750-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Meyers, Jim (October 2010).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/Newsmax\/TourDeGardeNewsmax.pdf#page=2\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses\u2014Publishing Titans&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>Newsmax<\/em>. West Palm Beach, FL: Newsmax Media.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201112025603\/https:\/\/www.newsday.com\/business\/technology\/at-the-top-nyc-company-profiles-nyc-40-1.365255\">&#8220;At the Top \/ NYC Company Profiles \/ NYC 40&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Newsday<\/em>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsday.com\/business\/technology\/at-the-top-nyc-company-profiles-nyc-40-1.365255\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on November 12, 2020. Retrieved&nbsp;July 30,&nbsp;2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Miller, Derek (March 24, 2018).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/w5\/9-things-you-likely-didn-t-know-about-jehovah-s-witnesses-1.3839669\">&#8220;9 things you likely didn&#8217;t know about Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>CTV News<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;July 7,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Matthews, Karen (December 13, 2015).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/world\/jehovah-s-witnesses-to-sell-brooklyn-properties-may-get-1-billion-u-s\/article_714bf567-93be-5e8d-a7c3-a5c0a2b1f42d.html\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses to sell Brooklyn properties, may get $1 billion U.S.&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Toronto Star<\/em>. Associated Press. Retrieved&nbsp;June 11,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Levitt, David.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bnnbloomberg.ca\/a-bad-sign-for-owners-of-brooklyn-s-famed-watchtower-building-1.1122013\">&#8220;A Bad Sign for Owners of Brooklyn&#8217;s Famed Watchtower Building&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>BNN Bloomberg<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;June 11,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, p.&nbsp;119<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;165\u2013171.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;165.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, p.&nbsp;67.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;84, 89, 92, 119\u2013120<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;89, 95, 103, 120, 204, 221.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Muramoto, O. (August 1998).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1377670\">&#8220;Bioethics of the refusal of blood by Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses: Part 1. Should bioethical deliberation consider dissidents&#8217; views?&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Medical Ethics<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>24<\/strong>&nbsp;(4):&nbsp;223\u2013230.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136%2Fjme.24.4.223\">10.1136\/jme.24.4.223<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1377670\">1377670<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9752623\">9752623<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;67.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;68.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;13.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Sharzer, Leonard; Jones, David; Alipour, Mehrdad; Pacha, Kesley (2020).&nbsp;<em>Gender Confirmation Surgery: Principles and Techniques for an Emerging Field<\/em>. Springer. pp.&nbsp;237\u2013257.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2F978-3-030-29093-1\">10.1007\/978-3-030-29093-1<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-3-030-29093-1\"><bdi>978-3-030-29093-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;152, 180.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Van Voorst, Robert E. (2012).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=QvNWxEEaf50C&amp;pg=PT303\"><em>RELG: World<\/em><\/a>. Cengage Learning. p.&nbsp;288.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-1117-2620-1\"><bdi>978-1-1117-2620-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;57, 58.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;14.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;43, 44.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;44.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;172.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;James A. Beverley,&nbsp;<em>Crisis of Allegiance<\/em>, Welch Publishing Company, Burlington, Ontario, 1986,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-920413-37-4\"><bdi>0-920413-37-4<\/bdi><\/a>, pp. 25\u201326, 101.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Singelenberg, Richard (1989). &#8220;It Separated the Wheat From the Chaff: The 1975 Prophecy and its Impact Among Dutch Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Sociological Analysis<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>50<\/strong>&nbsp;(Spring 1989):&nbsp;23\u201340.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F3710916\">10.2307\/3710916<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3710916\">3710916<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, p.&nbsp;24.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Ringnes, Hege Kristin; S\u00f8dal, Helje Kringlebotn, eds. (2009).&nbsp;<em>Jehovas vitner: en flerfaglig studie<\/em>&nbsp;(in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway: Universitetsforlaget. p.&nbsp;27.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-82-15-01453-1\"><bdi>978-82-15-01453-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Holden, A. (2002).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/resources\/sociology-online-papers\/papers\/holden-cavorting-with-the-devil.pdf\"><em>Cavorting With the Devil: Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses Who Abandon Their Faith<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF). Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YL, UK. p.&nbsp;Endnote [i]. Retrieved&nbsp;April 4,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;87.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, p.&nbsp;105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;90.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;48.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHoekema1963\">Hoekema 1963<\/a>, p.&nbsp;262.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;50.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;51.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;43.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2019\">Chryssides 2019<\/a>, p.&nbsp;224.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHoekema1963\">Hoekema 1963<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;276\u2013277.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;52, 53.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;372.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Ankerberg, John; Weldon, John; Burroughs, Dillion (2008).&nbsp;<em>The Facts on Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. Harvest House Publishing. pp.&nbsp;53, 25, 32.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780736939072\"><bdi>9780736939072<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHoekema1963\">Hoekema 1963<\/a>, p.&nbsp;270.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHoekema1963\">Hoekema 1963<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;322\u2013324<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHoekema1963\">Hoekema 1963<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;265\u2013269<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;186.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;193\u2013194.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;11.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;99.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHoekema1963\">Hoekema 1963<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;315\u2013319<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHoekema1963\">Hoekema 1963<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;307\u2013321<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;162.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;188\u2013190<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;17\u201319.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;89.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;106.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, p.&nbsp;xiv.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;James A. Beverley (1986).&nbsp;<em>Crisis of Allegiance<\/em>. Burlington, Ontario: Welch Publishing Company. pp.&nbsp;86\u201391.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-920413-37-4\"><bdi>0-920413-37-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHoekema1963\">Hoekema 1963<\/a>, p.&nbsp;297<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, p.&nbsp;7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton2015\">Penton 2015<\/a>, p.&nbsp;177.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHoekema1963\">Hoekema 1963<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;286<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;114\u2013117.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;180.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;102\u2013106.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Chryssides, G.D. (1999).&nbsp;<em>Exploring New Religions<\/em>. Continuum International Publishing Group. p.&nbsp;103.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-304-33651-7\"><bdi>978-0-304-33651-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;77.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;85.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;105\u2013106.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;104.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;110\u2013112.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;106.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Baird, Julia; Gleeson, Hayley (August 18, 2017).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2017-08-18\/shattering-silence-surviving-domestic-violence-in-church\/8788902\">&#8220;Shattering the silence: Australians tell their stories of surviving domestic violence in the church&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>ABC News<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;July 6,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;76.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFFranz2007\">Franz 2007<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;116\u2013120.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;32.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2016b\">Chryssides 2016b<\/a>, p.&nbsp;433.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, p.&nbsp;14.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;64\u201369.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;59.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;59, 61.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;41.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Torres-Pru\u00f1onosa, Jose; Plaza-Navas, Miquel-Angel; Brown, Silas (2022).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F23311886.2022.2071034\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8217; adoption of digitally-mediated services during Covid-19 pandemic&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Cogent Social Sciences<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>8<\/strong>&nbsp;(1) 2071034.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F23311886.2022.2071034\">10.1080\/23311886.2022.2071034<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hdl_(identifier)\">hdl<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10261%2F268521\">10261\/268521<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:248581687\">248581687<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;28.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;101, 102.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRingnesS%C3%B8dal2009\">Ringnes &amp; S\u00f8dal 2009<\/a>, p.&nbsp;43.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBottingBotting1984\">Botting &amp; Botting 1984<\/a>, p.&nbsp;77.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFCrompton1996\">Crompton 1996<\/a>, p.&nbsp;5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFKnox2018\">Knox 2018<\/a>, p.&nbsp;110.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;27.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.timesunion.com\/faith\/article\/jehovah-s-witnesses-bringing-community-outreach-18315913.php\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses bringing community outreach to Albany&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Times Union<\/em>. August 24, 2023. Retrieved&nbsp;December 10,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFKnox2018\">Knox 2018<\/a>, p.&nbsp;112.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;33.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Iannaccone, Laurence; Stark, Rodney (2009). &#8220;Door-Knockers Knocked&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Touchstone: A Journal of Mere Christianity<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>22<\/strong>&nbsp;(3): 43.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0897-327X\">0897-327X<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFKnox2018\">Knox 2018<\/a>, p.&nbsp;37.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBottingBotting1984\">Botting &amp; Botting 1984<\/a>, p.&nbsp;52.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Smith, Peter (November 22, 2023).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/ap-god-russia-new-york-pennsylvania-b2451717.html\">&#8220;Timekeepers no more, rank-and-file Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses say goodbye to tracking proselytizing hours&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Independent<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;December 7,&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Question Box\u2013Should a family Bible study be reported to the congregation?&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Our Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. November 2003. p.&nbsp;3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Pompeo, Joe (September 30, 2010).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/the-most-widely-read-magazine-in-the-world-is-the-monthly-pub-of-jehovahs-witnesses-2010-9?IR=T\">&#8220;Did You Know The Most Widely Circulated Magazine In The World Is The Monthly Publication Of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses?&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Business Insider<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;36.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;37.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;38.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, p.&nbsp;163<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFFranz2007\">Franz 2007<\/a>, p.&nbsp;358.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Ransom, Heather; Monk, Rebecca; Reim, Derek (2022).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9142413\">&#8220;Grieving the Living: The Social Death of Former Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Religion and Health<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>61<\/strong>&nbsp;(3):&nbsp;2458\u20132480.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs10943-020-01156-8\">10.1007\/s10943-020-01156-8<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9142413\">9142413<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33469793\">33469793<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;39.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;54\u201355.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;106\u2013108.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;96.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;97.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;26\u201327, 173<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Bradley, Anusha (August 16, 2023).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rnz.co.nz\/news\/in-depth\/495876\/the-rules-and-culture-that-keep-child-sex-offenders-hidden-from-followers-of-the-jehovah-s-witness-faith\">&#8220;The rules and culture that keep child sex offenders hidden from followers of the Jehovah&#8217;s Witness faith&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RNZ\">RNZ<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;July 3,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, p.&nbsp;42.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Friedson, Meredith (2015). &#8220;Psychotherapy and the Fundamentalist Client: The Aims and Challenges of Treating Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Religion and Health<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>54<\/strong>&nbsp;(2):&nbsp;693\u2013712.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs10943-014-9946-8\">10.1007\/s10943-014-9946-8<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25261980\">25261980<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;109.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Post, Kathryn (January 16, 2024).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2024\/01\/16\/jehovahs-witnesses-go-to-trial-against-norway-after-state-registration-is-revoked\/\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses go to trial against Norway after state registration is revoked&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>RNS<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;April 14,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;40.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;van Vlastuin, Evert.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cne.news\/article\/4220-jehovahs-witnesses-ease-shunning-rules-after-blow-in-oslo-court\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses ease shunning rules after blow in Oslo court&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>CNE<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;August 23,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/news\/region\/global\/2024-Governing-Body-Update-2\/\"><em>2024 Governing Body update #2<\/em><\/a>. WatchTower Bible and Tract Society. Event occurs at 13:12. Retrieved&nbsp;April 11,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Responding to Sin With Love and Mercy&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. August 2024. p.&nbsp;25.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, p.&nbsp;202.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;57\u201358.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;75.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, p.&nbsp;12<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Bryan R. Wilson (1993). &#8220;The Persistence of Sects&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Journal of the British Association for the Study of Religions<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>1<\/strong>&nbsp;(2).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Ploeg, Luke (February 19, 2017).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2017\/02\/19\/510585965\/poor-education-leads-to-lost-dreams-and-low-income-for-many-jehovahs-witnesses\">&#8220;Lack Of Education Leads To Lost Dreams And Low Income For Many Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>NPR<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;September 23,&nbsp;2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2008\">Chryssides 2008<\/a>, p.&nbsp;47.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Ingersoll-Wood, Carrie (August 12, 2022).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/15507394.2022.2102875\">&#8220;The Educational Identity Formation of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Religion &amp; Education<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>49<\/strong>&nbsp;(3):&nbsp;310\u2013338.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F15507394.2022.2102875\">10.1080\/15507394.2022.2102875<\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;July 15,&nbsp;2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/news\/region\/global\/2025-Governing-Body-Update-5\/\">&#8220;2025 Governing Body Update #5&#8221;<\/a>. Watch Tower Society.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;93\u201398.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2019\">Chryssides 2019<\/a>, p.&nbsp;154.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Schroeder, Judah (2011). &#8220;The Role of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses in the Emergent Right of Conscientious Objection to Military Service in International Law&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>24<\/strong>&nbsp;(1):&nbsp;169\u2013206.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13109%2Fkize.2011.24.1.169\">10.13109\/kize.2011.24.1.169<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Owens, Gene (September 1, 1997). &#8220;Trials of a Jehovah&#8217;s Witness. (The Faith of Journalists)&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Nieman Reports<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Beaman, Lori (2008).&nbsp;<em>Defining Harm: Religious Freedom and the Limits of the Law<\/em>. UBC Press. p.&nbsp;14.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7748-1429-4\"><bdi>978-0-7748-1429-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;x, 7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, p.&nbsp;22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Wilson, Bryan R. (1993). &#8220;The Persistence of Sects&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Journal of the British Association for the Study of Religions<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>1<\/strong>&nbsp;(2).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Lawson, Ronald (1995). &#8220;Sect-state relations: Accounting for the differing trajectories of Seventh-Day Adventists and Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Sociology of Religion<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>56<\/strong>&nbsp;(4):&nbsp;351\u2013377.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F3712195\">10.2307\/3712195<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3712195\">3712195<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;50.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vsrJLASVC3QC&amp;pg=359\"><em>The Routledge History of the Holocaust<\/em><\/a>. Routledge. 2010.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781136870606\"><bdi>9781136870606<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;92, 98\u2013100<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;196\u2013207<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBottingBotting1984\">Botting &amp; Botting 1984<\/a>, p.&nbsp;<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources\">page&nbsp;needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBeckford1975\">Beckford 1975<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;204, 221.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBottingBotting1984\">Botting &amp; Botting 1984<\/a>, p.&nbsp;90.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;178.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Beverley, James A. (1986).&nbsp;<em>Crisis of Allegiance<\/em>. Burlington, Ontario: Welch Publishing Company. pp.&nbsp;25\u201326, 101.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-920413-37-4\"><bdi>0-920413-37-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, p.&nbsp;153.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFFranz2007\">Franz 2007<\/a>, &#8220;Chapter 12&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFHolden2002\">Holden 2002<\/a>, p.&nbsp;91.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFChryssides2022\">Chryssides 2022<\/a>, p.&nbsp;87.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Muramoto, O. (January 6, 2001).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1119307\">&#8220;Bioethical aspects of the recent changes in the policy of refusal of blood by Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>BMJ<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>322<\/strong>&nbsp;(7277):&nbsp;37\u201339.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136%2Fbmj.322.7277.37\">10.1136\/bmj.322.7277.37<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1119307\">1119307<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11141155\">11141155<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Bowman, R. M.;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E._Calvin_Beisner\">Beisner, E. C.<\/a>; Ehrenborg, T. (1995).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/jehovahswitnesse00bowm_0\/page\/13\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Zondervan. p.&nbsp;13.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-310-70411-9\"><bdi>978-0-310-70411-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBottingBotting1984\">Botting &amp; Botting 1984<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;29\u201330.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Sniesinski; Chen, EP; Levy, JH; Szlam, F; Tanaka, KA; et&nbsp;al. (April 1, 2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081218110826\/http:\/\/www.freeminds.org\/doctrine\/sniecinski_analgesia2.pdf\">&#8220;Coagulopathy After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Jehovah&#8217;s Witness Patients: Management of Two Cases Using Fractionated Components and Factor VIIa&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>Anesthesia &amp; Analgesia<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>104<\/strong>&nbsp;(4):&nbsp;763\u20135.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213%2F01.ane.0000250913.45299.f3\">10.1213\/01.ane.0000250913.45299.f3<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17377078\">17377078<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:45882634\">45882634<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeminds.org\/doctrine\/sniecinski_analgesia2.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on December 18, 2008. Retrieved&nbsp;December 30,&nbsp;2008.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Gohel, MS; Bulbaria, RA; Slim, FJ; Poskitt, KR; Whyman, MR (2005).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1963852\">&#8220;How to approach major surgery where patients refuse blood transfusion (including Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses)&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>87<\/strong>&nbsp;(1):&nbsp;3\u201314.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1308%2F1478708051414\">10.1308\/1478708051414<\/a>&nbsp;(inactive July 1, 2025).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1963852\">1963852<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15720900\">15720900<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/jehovahs-witnesses-blood-transfusion-policy-change-3b01d3b095fe895a131633192a774e17\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses ease policy on transfusions, allowing storage and use of one&#8217;s own blood&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>AP News<\/em>. March 20, 2026. Retrieved&nbsp;March 21,&nbsp;2026.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Crowe, Elizabeth; DiSimone, Robert (2022).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aob.amegroups.org\/article\/view\/6723\/html\">&#8220;When blood transfusion is not an option owing to religious beliefs&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Annals of Blood<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>7<\/strong>: 22.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037%2Faob-21-58\">10.21037\/aob-21-58<\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;July 2,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Muramoto, Osamu (2001).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1119307\">&#8220;Bioethical aspects of the recent changes in the policy of refusal of blood by Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>BMJ<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>7277<\/strong>&nbsp;(322):&nbsp;37\u201339.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136%2Fbmj.322.7277.37\">10.1136\/bmj.322.7277.37<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1119307\">1119307<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11141155\">11141155<\/a>.&nbsp;<q>This religion has a history of tacitly instructing its members to breach medical confidentiality when other members are non-compliant with the religion&#8217;s medical policy. This tradition was not changed in the recent directive. As long as unsolicited visitors and hospital workers who belong to the religion closely monitor the blood based treatment of patients who are Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses, there remains a possibility that the patient will be forced to disassociate from the religion because of a breach of confidentiality.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/1.4299992\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witness, 14, ordered to receive blood transfusion despite beliefs&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>CBC News<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;July 2,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Conti, Adelaide; Capasso, Emanuele; Casella, Claudia; Fedeli, Piergiorgio; Salzano, Francesco; Policino, Fabio; Terracciano, Lucia; Delbon, Paola (2018).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5900417\">&#8220;Blood Transfusion in Children: The Refusal of Jehovah&#8217;s Witness Parents'&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Open Medicine<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>13<\/strong>&nbsp;(1):&nbsp;101\u2013104.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515%2Fmed-2018-0016\">10.1515\/med-2018-0016<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hdl_(identifier)\">hdl<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11581%2F430378\">11581\/430378<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\">PMC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5900417\">5900417<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\">PMID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29666843\">29666843<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Burbank, Luke (November 30, 2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2007\/11\/30\/16763280\/jehovahs-witness-kid-dies-after-refusing-medical-treatment\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witness Kid Dies After Refusing Medical Treatment&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>NPR<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;July 2,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFKnox2018\">Knox 2018<\/a>, p.&nbsp;175.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Durable Power of Attorney form<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. January 2001. p.&nbsp;1.&nbsp;Examples of permitted fractions are:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interferon\">Interferon<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Immune_Serum_Globulins\">Immune Serum Globulins<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080106083752\/http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Immune_Serum_Globulins\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;January 6, 2008, at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Factor_VIII\">Factor VIII<\/a>; preparations made from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemoglobin\">Hemoglobin<\/a>&nbsp;such as&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Polyheme\">PolyHeme<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080723234940\/http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Polyheme\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;July 23, 2008, at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemopure\">Hemopure<\/a>. Examples of permitted procedures involving the medical use of one&#8217;s own blood include:&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Intraoperative_blood_salvage\">cell salvage<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080706171315\/http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Intraoperative_blood_salvage\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;July 6, 2008, at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Acute_Normovolemic_Hemodilution\">hemodilution<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080907143504\/http:\/\/noblood.org\/wiki\/Acute_Normovolemic_Hemodilution\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;September 7, 2008, at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heart_lung_machine\">heart lung machine<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kidney_dialysis\">dialysis<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Epidural_Blood_Patch\">epidural blood patch<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080905212647\/http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Epidural_Blood_Patch\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;September 5, 2008, at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plasmapheresis\">plasmapheresis<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Blood_cell_scintigraphy\">blood labeling or tagging<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080106084037\/http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Blood_cell_scintigraphy\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;January 6, 2008, at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Platelet_Gel\">platelet gel<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080106083757\/http:\/\/www.noblood.org\/wiki\/Platelet_Gel\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;January 6, 2008, at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autologous\">autologous<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Archer, Kim (May 15, 2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tulsaworld.com\/news\/article.aspx?articleID=070515_1_A9_hThef38217\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witness liaisons help surgeons adapt&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Tulsa World<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Smith, Stephen.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/montreal\/jehovahs-witnesses-childbirth-quebec-hospital-1.3816979\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses defend hospital visits that push for bloodless treatment&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBC_News\">CBC News<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;May 19,&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.secularism.org.uk\/news\/2020\/09\/rethink-relations-with-jehovahs-witnesses-committees-nss-urges-nhs\">&#8220;Rethink relations with Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses committees, NSS urges NHS&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>National Secular Society<\/em>. September 24, 2020. Retrieved&nbsp;July 2,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Goodstein, Laurie (August 11, 2002).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2002\/08\/11\/us\/ousted-members-say-jehovah-s-witnesses-policy-on-abuse-hides-offenses.html\">&#8220;Ousted members say Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8217; policy on abuse hides offenses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;October 1,&nbsp;2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Bradley, Amanda (August 16, 2023).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rnz.co.nz\/news\/national\/495876\/the-rules-and-culture-that-keep-child-sex-offenders-hidden-from-followers-of-the-jehovah-s-witness-faith\">&#8220;The rules and culture that keep child sex offenders hidden from followers of the Jehovah&#8217;s Witness faith&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>RNZ<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;December 7,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/montreal\/jehovah-witnesses-abuse-1.3874884\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8217; process for handling child sex abuse allegations keeps authorities in the dark&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>CBC News<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;December 7,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/file-list\/Case%20Study%2029%20-%20Transcript%20-%20Jehovahs%20Witnesses%20-%20Day%20152%20-%2004082015.pdf\">Public Hearing \u2013 Case Study 29 (Day 152)<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Australia<\/em>&nbsp;(Report). pp.&nbsp;67, 72.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/file-list\/Case%20Study%2029%20-%20Transcript%20-%20Jehovahs%20Witnesses%20-%20Day%20155%20-%2014082015.pdf\">Public Hearing \u2013 Case Study 29 (Day 155)<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Australia<\/em>&nbsp;(Report). pp.&nbsp;44, 45.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lisa_Myers\">Myers, Lisa<\/a>; Greenberg, Richard (November 21, 2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/wbna21917798\">&#8220;New evidence in Jehovah&#8217;s Witness allegations&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBC_News\">NBC News<\/a><\/em>. New York, NY.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Team, Investigations; Barnes, Sophie; Rushton, Katherine; Newell, Claire; Eastham, Janet; Leather, Jack (June 30, 2022).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2022\/06\/30\/jehovahs-witness-organisation-has-secret-database-child-sex\/\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witness organisation has secret database of child sex abuse claims against members&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Telegraph<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;December 15,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzherald.co.nz\/nz\/jehovahs-witness-elder-alleges-order-to-destroy-evidence-in-child-sex-abuse-cases\/6OAO6IJBANDLLAOE2VXI3DHPXI\/\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witness elder alleges order to destroy evidence in child sex abuse cases&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The New Zealand Herald<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;December 7,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Krawcyzk, Kathryn (November 16, 2017).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/theweek.com\/speedreads\/737910\/jehovahs-witnesses-owe-4000-every-day-dont-turn-over-details-alleged-child-sex-abuse-cost-2-million-far\">&#8220;The Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses owe $4,000 every day they don&#8217;t turn over details of alleged child sex abuse. It&#8217;s cost them $2 million so far&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Week<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;December 7,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Jones, Ciaran (June 29, 2014).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.walesonline.co.uk\/news\/wales-news\/jehovahs-witnesses-destroyed-documents-showing-7340603\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses destroyed documents showing child abuse allegations against church elder&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Wales Online<\/em>. Cardiff, UK:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Media_Wales\">Media Wales<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/file-list\/Case%20Study%2029%20-%20Transcript%20-%20Jehovahs%20Witnesses%20-%20Day%20152%20-%2004082015.pdf\">Public Hearing \u2013 Case Study 29 (Day 152)<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Australia<\/em>&nbsp;(Report). pp.&nbsp;24\u201326.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Scolforo, Mark; Smith, Peter (April 19, 2023).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/jehovahs-witnesses-child-abuse-pennsylvania-investigation-c08b543d8b0b69e03d3c2eba08526cf0\">&#8220;Child sex abuse investigation of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses fuels speculation&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Associated Press<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;December 7,&nbsp;2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Cutrer, Corrie (March 5, 2001).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.christianitytoday.com\/ct\/2001\/004\/11.23.html\">&#8220;Witness leaders accused of shielding molesters&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Christianity Today<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/file-list\/Case%20Study%2029%20-%20Findings%20Report%20-%20Jehovahs%20Witnesses.pdf\">Report of case study no.29<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Australia<\/em>&nbsp;(Report). pp.&nbsp;9, 28.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Jane Doe (Candace Conti) v. The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Incorporated et al.<\/em>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_courts_of_appeal#First_District\">California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Three<\/a>&nbsp;April 13, 2015),&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.courts.ca.gov\/opinions\/archive\/A136641.PDF\">Text<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OPcYn4AiwQE?rel=0&amp;autoplay=1\">&#8220;Former Jehovah&#8217;s Witness Takes on Church Over Sex Abuse Allegations&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(VIDEO). New York, NY:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABC_News_(United_States)\">ABC News<\/a>. March 12, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au\/case-studies\/case-study-29-jehovahs-witnesses\">&#8220;Case Study 29: Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse<\/em>. July 27, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Report of Case Study No. 29 (Report). p.&nbsp;62.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Case Study 29&#8221;, Day 153 p.16, 41\u201444,&nbsp;<em>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse<\/em>, July 2015.]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Michael Buchanan (July 26, 2017).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-40719773\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses let sex offender interrogate victims&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>BBC News<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;November 20,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/manchester-new-moston-congregation-of-jehovahs-witnesses-inquiry-report\/manchester-new-moston-congregation-of-jehovahs-witnesses\">&#8220;Decision: Manchester New Moston Congregation of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Charity Commission for England and Wales<\/em>. July 26, 2017. Retrieved&nbsp;November 20,&nbsp;2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Gredley, Rebecca (March 3, 2021).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/7news.com.au\/politics\/jehovahs-witnesses-to-join-redress-scheme-c-2278906\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses to join redress scheme&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>7News<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;May 25,&nbsp;2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Jubber, Ken (1977). &#8220;The Persecution of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses in Southern Africa&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Social Compass<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>24<\/strong>&nbsp;(1):&nbsp;121\u2013134.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F003776867702400108\">10.1177\/003776867702400108<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:143997010\">143997010<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFBotting1993\">Botting 1993<\/a>, p.&nbsp;<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources\">page&nbsp;needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRichardson2015\">Richardson 2015<\/a>, p.&nbsp;286.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFRichardson2015\">Richardson 2015<\/a>, p.&nbsp;292.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, James (2004).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/jehovahswitnesse0000pent_f0s7\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses and the Third Reich<\/em><\/a>. University of Toronto Press. p.&nbsp;376.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0802086785\"><bdi>978-0802086785<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Chu, Jolene (September 1, 2004). &#8220;God&#8217;s things and Caesar&#8217;s: Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses and political neutrality&#8221;.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Journal_of_Genocide_Research\">Journal of Genocide Research<\/a><\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>6<\/strong>&nbsp;(3).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taylor_%26_Francis\">Taylor &amp; Francis<\/a>:&nbsp;319\u2013342.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F1462352042000265837\">10.1080\/1462352042000265837<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:71908533\">71908533<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Wrobel, Johannes S. (August 2006).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalstudies.org.uk\/pdf\/rss\/34-2_089.pdf\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses in National Socialist concentration camps, 1933\u201345&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>Religion, State &amp; Society<\/em>.&nbsp;<strong>34<\/strong>&nbsp;(2).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taylor_%26_Francis\">Taylor &amp; Francis<\/a>:&nbsp;89\u2013125.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F09637490600624691\">10.1080\/09637490600624691<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\">S2CID<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:145110013\">145110013<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120521084542\/https:\/\/www.biblicalstudies.org.uk\/pdf\/rss\/34-2_089.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;from the original on May 21, 2012. Retrieved&nbsp;October 22,&nbsp;2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Garbe, Detlef (2008).&nbsp;<em>Between Resistance and Martyrdom: Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses in the Third Reich<\/em>. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. p.&nbsp;484.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-299-20794-6\"><bdi>978-0-299-20794-6<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.holocaust-trc.org\/jehovahs-witnesses\/\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Holocaust Education Foundation<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFReynaudGraffard2001\">Reynaud &amp; Graffard 2001<\/a>, p.&nbsp;16.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFReynaudGraffard2001\">Reynaud &amp; Graffard 2001<\/a>, p.&nbsp;47.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFReynaudGraffard2001\">Reynaud &amp; Graffard 2001<\/a>, p.&nbsp;60.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFReynaudGraffard2001\">Reynaud &amp; Graffard 2001<\/a>, p.&nbsp;72.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFReynaudGraffard2001\">Reynaud &amp; Graffard 2001<\/a>, p.&nbsp;129.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFGarbe2008\">Garbe 2008<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;440\u2013447.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Berenbaum, Michael.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.holocaust-trc.org\/PRJW.htm\">&#8220;Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Laqueur, Walter; Baumel, Judith Tydor (2001).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=nPbr0XzlTzcC\"><em>The Holocaust encyclopedia<\/em><\/a>. Yale University Press. pp.&nbsp;346\u201350.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-300-08432-0\"><bdi>978-0-300-08432-0<\/bdi><\/a>. Retrieved&nbsp;April 6,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFReynaudGraffard2001\">Reynaud &amp; Graffard 2001<\/a>, p.&nbsp;123.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#CITEREFReynaudGraffard2001\">Reynaud &amp; Graffard 2001<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;172\u2013173.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/religion-maldives-freedom-of-religion-discrimination-north-korea-16c8581a5a00b5d4f0887e803e8c40dc\">&#8220;UN investigator: Rights of minorities to worship undermined&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Associated_Press\">Associated Press<\/a><\/em>. November 4, 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Morton, Jason; Bakken, Keely; Omer, Mohy; Greenwalt, Patrick (2020).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscirf.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020%20Issue%20Update%20-%20Jehovahs%20Witnesses.pdf\">&#8220;The Global Persecution of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Commission_on_International_Religious_Freedom\">United States Commission on International Religious Freedom<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-26\">\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8457\u4f5c\u76ee\u9332<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3078\u306e\u6279\u5224<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u4f8b\u4e00\u89a7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-27\">\u6ce8\u91c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1975\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\u53f7\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u4ee5\u524d\u306f\u3001\u6559\u56e3\u3092\u6307\u3059\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u6587\u732e\u3067\u306f\u300cwitnesses\u300d\u306f\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u8868\u8a18\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\uff08\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u7b49\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u9664\u304f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30ec\u30a4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30ba\u306f\u591a\u6570\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300eCrisis of Conscience\u300f\uff082002\u5e74\uff09173\u9801\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u300eThey Shall Know That a Prophet Was Among Them\u300f\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f1972\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\u53f7197\u2013200\u9801\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u540c\u8a8c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3092\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3001\u300c\u5371\u967a\u3092\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u3001\u6765\u305f\u308b\u3079\u304d\u4e8b\u67c4\u3092\u5ba3\u8a00\u3059\u308b\u300d\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u300eIdentifying the Right Kind of Messenger\u300f\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f1997\u5e745\u67081\u65e5\u53f78\u9801\u3082\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e88\u8a00\u304c\u5916\u308c\u308b\u300c\u507d\u308a\u306e\u4f7f\u8005\u300d\u3068\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u300c\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u4f1d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300d\u795e\u306e\u300c\u771f\u306e\u4f7f\u8005\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u300eIn Search of Christian Freedom\u300f\uff082007\u5e74\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300eCommissioned to Speak in the Divine Name\u300f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\u30011971\u5e74\u300170\u9801\u304a\u3088\u3073292\u9801\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u540c\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3092\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30a8\u30bc\u30ad\u30a8\u30eb\u7d1a\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u771f\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u300d\u3068\u63cf\u5199\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u306e\u66f8\u7c4d\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30a8\u30bc\u30ad\u30a8\u30eb\u7d1a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u300e\u5fc5\u305a\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u300f\u3068\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u2026\u2026\u305d\u308c\u304c\u300e\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u300f\u307e\u3067\u6c7a\u65ad\u3092\u4fdd\u7559\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3082\u307e\u305f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8a18\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u300eExecution of the Great Harlot Nears\u300f\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f1980\u5e7410\u670815\u65e5\u53f717\u9801\u3082\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u306f\u795e\u304c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u4ed6\u306e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3044\u7279\u5225\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u2026\u2026\u3053\u306e\u4f53\u5236\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u524d\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-28\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chryssides 2008, p. 93.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Riggs, Thomas (2006). <em>Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations<\/em>. Thomson Gale. p. 193. ISBN 9780787666118.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stanley I. Kutler, ed. (2003). &#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;. <em>Dictionary of American History<\/em> (3rd ed.). New York: Charles Scribner&#8217;s Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-80533-7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rogerson 1969, p. 55.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bergman 1995, p. 33.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;2025 Grand Totals&#8221;. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. 2025. Retrieved January 9, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Missionaries &#8220;to the Most Distant Part of the Earth&#8221;&#8221;. jw.org. June 1, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chryssides 2016b, p. 429.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Beckford 1975, pp. 118\u2013119, 151, 200\u2013201.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stark, Rodney; Iannaccone, Laurence R. (1997). &#8220;Why the Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses Grow so Rapidly: A Theoretical Application&#8221; (PDF). <em>Journal of Contemporary Religion<\/em>. 12 (2): 133\u2013157.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#e7e5e5\">\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001Wikipedia\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\u300cJehovah\u2019s Witnesses\u300d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7ffb\u8a33\u30fb\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u3066\u63b2\u8f09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u539f\u6587\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><br>\u539f\u8457\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aWikipedia contributors<br>\u30e9\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u30b9\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.ja?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248Wikipedia\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u201cJehovah&#8217;s Witnesses\u201d \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6a5f\u68b0\u7ffb\u8a33\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9eWikipedia\u306e\u300c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u300d\u306f\u300c\u3053 &#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1778,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1840","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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