{"id":1876,"date":"2026-05-16T09:15:26","date_gmt":"2026-05-16T00:15:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1876"},"modified":"2026-05-16T10:10:50","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T01:10:50","slug":"%e3%82%a8%e3%83%9b%e3%83%90%e3%81%ae%e8%a8%bc%e4%ba%ba%e3%81%ae%e7%b5%b1%e6%b2%bb%e4%bd%93","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1876","title":{"rendered":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248Wikipedia\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governing_Body_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses\">\u201cGoverning Body of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses\u201d<\/a> 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class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u8a33\u8005\u6ce8<br>Wikipedia\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u4e00\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u3078\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u304c\u904e\u5ea6\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e8c\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e09\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u6539\u5584\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u300d\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u6559\u56e3\u306e\u5e83\u5831\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8abf\u67fb\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001[1] 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\u306f\u30011917\u5e74\u306b\u7406\u4e8b\u305f\u3061\u304b\u3089\u53cd\u5bfe\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u969b\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u89e3\u4efb\u3057\u305f\u30021925\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u30011914\u5e74\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4e89\u70b9\u6559\u7fa9\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u63b2\u8f09\u3078\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u305f\u7de8\u96c6\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u8986\u3057\u305f\u30021931\u5e74\u3001\u7de8\u96c6\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u89e3\u6563\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[15][16]\n\n\n\n<p>1943\u5e74\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u306f\u3001Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society \u3092\u3001\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306e\u300c\u6cd5\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u6a5f\u95a2\uff08legal governing body\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3002[17]\n\n\n\n<p>\u7fcc\u5e74\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u9577\u8001\u306e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u9078\u6319\u3078\u53cd\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u540c\u8a8c\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4efb\u547d\u306f\u300c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u795e\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u76ee\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u7d71\u6cbb\u6a5f\u95a2\u300d\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002[18]\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u6570\u5e74\u9593\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9f\u4f53\u306f\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30021955\u5e74\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30d6\u30c3\u30af\u306f\u3001\u300c\u76ee\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u7d71\u6cbb\u6a5f\u95a2\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u4eba\u306e\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3068\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[19]\n\n\n\n<p>1957\u5e74\u5927\u4f1a\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3078\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u305f1959\u5e74\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u970a\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u6a5f\u95a2\u304c\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u898b\u5b88\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\u4f1a\u9577\u304c\u884c\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[20]\n\n\n\n<p>1970\u5e74\u7248\u300e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u5e74\u9451\u300f\u306f\u3001\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30eb\u30d9\u30cb\u30a2\u5dde\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u8a08\u753b\u3057\u3001\u300c\u970a\u7684\u98df\u7269\u300d\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u7d44\u7e54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u300c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30eb\u30d9\u30cb\u30a2\u5dde\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3057\u305f\u3002[21]\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c9\/FrederickWilliamFranz-atBrooklynBethel.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" alt=\"\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u30d6\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u672c\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b Frederick William Franz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1971\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u526f\u4f1a\u9577\u30d5\u30ec\u30c7\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c4\u306f\u3001\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30eb\u30d9\u30cb\u30a2\u5dde\u30d0\u30c3\u30ad\u30f3\u30ac\u30e0\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u6cd5\u4eba\u5e74\u6b21\u7dcf\u4f1a\u3067\u6f14\u8aac\u3057\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u601d\u616e\u6df1\u3044\u5974\u96b7\u300d\u306b\u4ee3\u308f\u3063\u3066\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u300c\u6a5f\u95a2\uff08agency\uff09\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u9053\u5177\uff08temporary instrument\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002[22]\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u306e3\u9031\u9593\u5f8c\u300110\u670820\u65e5\u30014\u540d\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u5354\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u306e7\u540d\u3078\u52a0\u308f\u308a\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u62e1\u5927\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u7d44\u7e54\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[23]\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u306f\u6563\u767a\u7684\u306b\u3057\u304b\u4f1a\u5408\u3092\u958b\u304b\u305a\u3001\u4e0d\u52d5\u7523\u3084\u65b0\u8a2d\u5099\u8cfc\u5165\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3057\u5408\u3046\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u6587\u66f8\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u9577 Nathan Homer Knorr \u3068\u526f\u4f1a\u9577\u30d5\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c4\u3078\u59d4\u306d\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[22][24]\n\n\n\n<p>1971\u5e7412\u670815\u65e5\u53f7\u306e\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\uff08Governing Body of Jehovah\u2019s witnesses\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u3001\u6559\u56e3\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6e08\u307f\u96c6\u56e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u8868\u8a18\u3057\u305f\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u540c\u8a8c\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u304a\u3088\u3073\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3002[2][25]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u300c\u795e\u6a29\u7684\u300d\u6307\u5c0e\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u306e\u5f37\u8abf\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u5171\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f1884\u5e74\u306e Zion\u2019s Watch Tower Society \u8a2d\u7acb\u5f8c\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304f\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3057\u305f\u3002[25] \u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306f\u305d\u306e\u540d\u79f0\u3067\u306f\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002[12]\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u4f1a\u9577 Charles Taze Russell \u304c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306e\u4e00\u54e1\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[25]\n\n\n\n<p>1972\u5e74\u7248\u300e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u5e74\u9451\u300f\u306f\u30011942\u5e74\u306e\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u6b7b\u5f8c\u3001\u300c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u304c\u6700\u521d\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u795e\u6a29\u5ba3\u6559\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u300c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u300d\u304c\u904e\u53bb30\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u4f55\u767e\u4e07\u518a\u3082\u306e\u66f8\u7c4d\u3068\u8056\u66f8\u3092\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u305f\u3068\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u305f\u3002[26]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5143\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u6210\u54e1 Raymond Franz \u306f\u30011983\u5e74\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u300eCrisis of Conscience\uff08\u826f\u5fc3\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\uff09\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u30ce\u30a2\u306e\u5404\u4f1a\u9577\u304c\u7406\u4e8b\u305f\u3061\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u76f8\u8ac7\u305b\u305a\u306b\u884c\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u30011976\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u652f\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u300c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u300d\u306b\u3082\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6a29\u304c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3002[27]\n\n\n\n<p>1972\u5e74\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u306e\u300c\u8aad\u8005\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8cea\u554f\uff08Question From Readers\uff09\u300d\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3002\u540c\u8a8c\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u304c\u3001\u65b9\u91dd\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u30fb\u6307\u5c0e\u30fb\u898f\u5236\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u95a2\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u300c\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3001\u3075\u3055\u308f\u3057\u304f\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3002[25][28]\n\n\n\n<p>1976\u5e74\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5c64\u90e8\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u6539\u9769\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306e\u6a29\u9650\u3068\u6a29\u5a01\u3092\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3002[29] \u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u6cd5\u4eba\u683c\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u904b\u55b6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[30]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-1\"><strong>\u518d\u7de8<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1971\u5e74\u306b\u6b63\u5f0f\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306b\u4f1a\u5408\u3092\u958b\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001Raymond Franz \u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4f1a\u5408\u306f\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u3067\u7d42\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591a\u304f\u3001\u6642\u306b\u306f\u308f\u305a\u304b7\u5206\u3057\u304b\u7d9a\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002[31]\n\n\n\n<p>\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c4\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4f1a\u5408\u3067\u306f\u652f\u90e8\u4efb\u547d\u3084\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[32][33] \u307e\u305f\u30011971\u5e74\u304a\u3088\u30731975\u5e74\u306b\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u81ea\u3089\u3078\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u6a29\u9650\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3057\u305f\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[34]\n\n\n\n<p>1975\u5e7412\u6708\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u4f1a\u9577\u306e\u6307\u63ee\u4e0b\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u5404\u7a2e\u7ba1\u7406\u696d\u52d9\u3092\u76e3\u7763\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u30016\u3064\u306e\u904b\u55b6\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3092\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c7a\u8b70\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5404\u652f\u90e8\u76e3\u7763\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30823\u540d\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u304b\u3089\u6210\u308b\u652f\u90e8\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3078\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002[35]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u306f1976\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u306b\u767a\u52b9\u3057\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e1993\u5e74\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u66f8\u300eJehovah\u2019s Witnesses\u2014Proclaimers of God\u2019s Kingdom\uff08\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba \u2015 \u795e\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u3092\u3075\u308c\u544a\u3052\u308b\u4eba\u3005\uff09\u300f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u53f2\u4e0a\u3001\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u518d\u8abf\u6574\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u300d\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[36]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-2\"><strong>\u672c\u90e8\u7c9b\u6e05<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1980\u5e74\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u6559\u7fa9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b1914\u5e74\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u5de1\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u7570\u8ad6\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u3002\u5143\u8a3c\u4eba James Penton \u304a\u3088\u3073 Heather and Gary Botting \u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u516c\u5f0f\u6559\u7fa9\u3078\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u4e0d\u6e80\u306f\u5897\u5927\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u79d8\u5bc6\u8abf\u67fb\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53f8\u6cd5\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u5be9\u554f\u3078\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u305f\u3002[37][38][39]\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u7570\u8ad6\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u540c\u5e74\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u672c\u90e8\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30d5\u304b\u3089\u8ffd\u653e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30ec\u30a4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c4\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u8f9e\u4efb\u3092\u5f37\u5236\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u6392\u65a5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7570\u8ad6\u3078\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u51e6\u3092\u3088\u308a\u53b3\u683c\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3002[37][38][40]\n\n\n\n<p>1997\u5e74\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3001\u30da\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u306f\u30011980\u5e74\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c4\u6392\u65a5\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\u3092\u5f37\u3081\u3001\u65b9\u91dd\u3084\u6559\u7fa9\u5909\u66f4\u3078\u306e\u62b5\u6297\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7d44\u7e54\u5185\u7570\u8ad6\u8005\u3092\u5b64\u7acb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u3092\u5f37\u3081\u305f\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[41]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-3\"><strong>\u88dc\u4f50\u8005\uff08Helpers\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1992\u5e744\u670815\u65e5\u53f7\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u5099\u3048 \u2015 \u300e\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u300f\u300d\u3068\u984c\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u4e8b\u304c\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u795e\u6bbf\u5949\u4ed5\u8005\uff08\u300c\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30cb\u30e0\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u306e\u50d5\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5b50\u3089\u300d\uff09\u3068\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u76f4\u4e0b\u3067\u8cac\u4efb\u3042\u308b\u7acb\u5834\u306b\u5c31\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u300c\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u300d\u3068\u306f\u516c\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u8a3c\u4eba\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3002[42]\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u53f7\u306e\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u304a\u3088\u30731993\u5e74\u7248\u300e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u5e74\u9451\u300f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u767a\u8868\u304c\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5897\u52a0\u304c\u8457\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u3078\u8ffd\u52a0\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u9069\u5207\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u300e\u5927\u7fa4\u8846\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u4e3b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6570\u540d\u306e\u88dc\u4f50\u8005\u3092\u62db\u304d\u3001\u4eba\u4e8b\u30fb\u51fa\u7248\u30fb\u5949\u4ed5\u30fb\u6559\u80b2\u30fb\u57f7\u7b46\u5404\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u4f1a\u5408\u3078\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5404\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5408\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u6570\u306f7\u301c8\u540d\u3078\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u306e\u4e0b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u88dc\u4f50\u8005\u306f\u8a0e\u8b70\u3078\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u4efb\u52d9\u3092\u9042\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u53d6\u308a\u6c7a\u3081\u306f1992\u5e745\u67081\u65e5\u3088\u308a\u767a\u52b9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9577\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u8005\u306e\u6570\u306f\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5927\u7fa4\u8846\u306e\u6570\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u671f\u5f85\u3092\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300d[43][44]\n\n\n\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u5168\u54e1\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3078\u4efb\u547d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u300c\u88dc\u4f50\u8005\uff08helper\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5949\u4ed5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[45][46][47]\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u88dc\u4f50\u8005\u4efb\u547d\u306f\u30012006\u5e74\u3001\u300c\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u6539\u5584\uff08still another refinement\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[48]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-4\"><strong>2000\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>2000\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u7406\u4e8b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5f79\u54e1\u306f\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u6210\u54e1\u3067\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5404\u7a2e\u6cd5\u4eba\u306e\u7406\u4e8b\u3092\u517c\u4efb\u3057\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7ba1\u7406\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u4ed6\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u3078\u59d4\u4efb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[49]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-5\"><strong>\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u30016\u3064\u306e\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u304c\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7ba1\u7406\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u9042\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[50]\n\n\n\n<p>\u5404\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u516c\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300c\u88dc\u4f50\u8005\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u652f\u63f4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u4f1a\u5408\u306f\u6bce\u9031\u3001\u975e\u516c\u958b\u3067\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[50]\n\n\n\n<p>\u30ec\u30a4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c4\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u30011975\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306f\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306f\u5168\u4f1a\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306f\u51fa\u5e2d\u4eba\u6570\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u5168\u4f53\u306e3\u5206\u306e2\u591a\u6570\u6c7a\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[51][52]\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4eba\u4e8b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08Personnel Committee\uff09<\/strong><br>\u672c\u90e8\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u652f\u90e8\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\uff08\u7dcf\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u300c\u30d9\u30c6\u30eb\u300d\uff09\u3067\u5949\u4ed5\u3059\u308b\u30dc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u3092\u624b\u914d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u300c\u30d9\u30c6\u30eb\u300d\u306f\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u3067\u300c\u795e\u306e\u5bb6\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u30d9\u30c6\u30eb\u5949\u4ed5\u8005\u3078\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u30fb\u970a\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30d9\u30c6\u30eb\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u9078\u5b9a\u3068\u62db\u5f85\u3092\u76e3\u7763\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u51fa\u7248\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08Publishing Committee\uff09<\/strong><br>\u6587\u66f8\u306e\u5370\u5237\u30fb\u51fa\u7248\u30fb\u767a\u9001\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5370\u5237\u65bd\u8a2d\u7528\u4e0d\u52d5\u7523\u53d6\u5f97\u306a\u3069\u6cd5\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3092\u76e3\u7763\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u95a2\u9023\u6cd5\u4eba\u306e\u5de5\u5834\u3001\u4e0d\u52d5\u7523\u3001\u8ca1\u52d9\u904b\u55b6\u76e3\u7763\u3082\u62c5\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5949\u4ed5\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08Service Committee\uff09<\/strong><br>\u5de1\u56de\u76e3\u7763\u3001\u958b\u62d3\u8005\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u4f1d\u9053\u8005\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1d\u9053\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u76e3\u7763\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u90e8\u30fb\u652f\u90e8\u30fb\u4f1a\u8846\u9593\u306e\u9023\u7d61\u3092\u7d71\u62ec\u3057\u3001\u5404\u652f\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u63d0\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5e74\u9593\u4f1d\u9053\u5831\u544a\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30ae\u30ec\u30a2\u30c7\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u72ec\u8eab\u5144\u5f1f\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u65c5\u884c\u3059\u308b\u76e3\u7763\u306e\u5b66\u6821\u3078\u306e\u62db\u5f85\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5352\u696d\u751f\u914d\u7f6e\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3002[53][54][55]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08Teaching Committee\uff09<\/strong><br>\u4f1a\u8846\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u5de1\u56de\u5927\u4f1a\u3001\u5730\u57df\u5927\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u5927\u4f1a\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9577\u8001\u30fb\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u50d5\u30fb\u958b\u62d3\u8005\u30fb\u5ba3\u6559\u5e2b\u5411\u3051\u5404\u7a2e\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u30ae\u30ec\u30a2\u30c7\u5b66\u6821\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff09\u3092\u8a08\u753b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u7528\u6559\u6750\u6e96\u5099\u3068\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u97f3\u58f0\u30fb\u6620\u50cf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u958b\u767a\u76e3\u7763\u3082\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u57f7\u7b46\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08Writing Committee\uff09<\/strong><br>\u5287\u7528\u811a\u672c\u3084\u8b1b\u8a71\u6982\u8981\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306e\u57f7\u7b46\u30fb\u7ffb\u8a33\u3092\u76e3\u7763\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8056\u66f8\u30fb\u6559\u7fa9\u30fb\u9053\u5fb3\u554f\u984c\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u56fa\u6709\u554f\u984c\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8cea\u554f\u3078\u56de\u7b54\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8abf\u6574\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08Coordinator\u2019s Committee\uff09<\/strong><br>\u7dca\u6025\u4e8b\u614b\u3001\u707d\u5bb3\u6551\u63f4\u3001\u8abf\u67fb\u306a\u3069\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u4ed6\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8abf\u6574\u8005\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u6210\u54e1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u66f8\u8a18\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4ed6\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u904b\u55b6\u306b\u3082\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u8ca0\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-6\"><strong>\u4ee3\u8868\u8005<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u521d\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u9577\u8001\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u4efb\u547d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[56]\n\n\n\n<p>1975\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9577\u8001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u50d5\u306e\u4efb\u547d\u306f\u3001\u300c\u970a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u3092\u4ee3\u8868\u3059\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[57]\n\n\n\n<p>2001\u5e74\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4efb\u547d\u63a8\u85a6\u306f\u652f\u90e8\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u3078\u63d0\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002[58]\n\n\n\n<p>2014\u5e749\u6708\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5de1\u56de\u76e3\u7763\u304c\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u9577\u8001\u3068\u306e\u5354\u8b70\u5f8c\u3001\u652f\u90e8\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u3078\u76f8\u8ac7\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u9577\u8001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u50d5\u3092\u4efb\u547d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[59]\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u3082\u3001\u652f\u90e8\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u6210\u54e1\u304a\u3088\u3073\u65c5\u884c\u3059\u308b\u76e3\u7763\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u4efb\u547d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001[59][60] \u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u76f4\u63a5\u4efb\u547d\u8005\u306e\u307f\u304c\u300c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3002[61][62]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-7\"><strong>\u300c\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u601d\u616e\u6df1\u3044\u5974\u96b7\u300d\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3078\u300c\u970a\u7684\u98df\u7269\u300d\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[63][64][65]\n\n\n\n<p>2012\u5e74\u672b\u307e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u795e\u306e\u300c\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u601d\u616e\u6df1\u3044\u5974\u96b7\u7d1a\u300d\uff08\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u3068\u516c\u8a00\u3059\u308b\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\uff09\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u8005[50][66] \u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u4ee3\u5f01\u8005\u300d\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[67]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u300c\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u601d\u616e\u6df1\u3044\u5974\u96b7\u7d1a\u300d\u306f\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u306b\u795e\u306e\u300c\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u300d[67] \u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u970a\u7684\u5149\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\uff08channel for new spiritual light\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[68][69]\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u65b9\u91dd\u3084\u6559\u7fa9\u3092\u7b56\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3084\u5927\u4f1a\u8cc7\u6599\u3092\u627f\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u304c\u4ee3\u8868\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u3078\u76f8\u8ac7\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6a29\u5a01\u306f\u30011\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u5272\u793c\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u306e\u9577\u8001\u56e3\u306b\u985e\u4f3c\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[70]\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u3068\u516c\u8a00\u3059\u308b\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306f\u3001\u6559\u7fa9\u5f62\u6210\u3084\u5909\u66f4\u3078\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u3002[71][72][73]\n\n\n\n<p>\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u300c\u307e\u3060\u660e\u78ba\u3067\u306a\u3044\u4e8b\u67c4\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5954\u653e\u306a\u63a8\u6e2c\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3088\u3046\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3001[73] \u795e\u304c\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3092\u5f85\u3064\u3088\u3046\u6307\u5c0e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[74]\n\n\n\n<p>2009\u5e74\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u970a\u7684\u5149\u300d\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u8cac\u4efb\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5974\u96b7\u7d1a\u300d\u306e\u300c\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u6570\u300d\u306b\u306e\u307f\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u554f\u3044\u304b\u3051\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u5730\u4e0a\u4e2d\u306e\u3053\u308c\u3089\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u970a\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3002\u300d[70]\n\n\n\n<p>2010\u5e74\u3001\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6df1\u3044\u771f\u7406\u300d\u306f\u672c\u90e8\u306b\u3044\u308b\u300c\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u601d\u616e\u6df1\u3044\u5974\u96b7\u7d1a\u300d\u306e\u300c\u8cac\u4efb\u3042\u308b\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u305f\u3061\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8b58\u5225\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u6559\u7fa9\u6c7a\u5b9a\u524d\u306b\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002[75]\n\n\n\n<p>2011\u5e748\u6708\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u4f55\u4eba\u306e\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u304c\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u77e5\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u3082\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u307e\u305f\u300c\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8868\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3002[76]\n\n\n\n<p>2012\u5e74\u306e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u5e74\u6b21\u7dcf\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u601d\u616e\u6df1\u3044\u5974\u96b7\u300d\u306f\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e21\u7528\u8a9e\u306f\u540c\u7fa9\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[77]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-8\"><strong>\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u6210\u54e1<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300cGuy Pierce\u300d\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3078\u8ee2\u9001\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ff3\u512a\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f Guy Pearce \u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samuel Frederick Herd \uff08\u5de6\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-9\"><strong>\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6210\u54e1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u3001Governing Body of Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses \u306e\u73fe\u6210\u54e1\u3067\u3042\u308b[78]\uff08\u62ec\u5f27\u5185\u306f\u4efb\u547d\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kenneth Eugene Cook, Jr.\uff082018\u5e74\uff09[79][80][81][82]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gage Fleegle\uff082023\u5e74\uff09[83]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Samuel Frederick Herd\uff081999\u5e74\uff09[84][82]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Geoffrey William Jackson\uff082005\u5e74\uff09[85][82]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jody Jedele\uff082024\u5e74\uff09[86]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mark Stephen Lett\uff081999\u5e74\uff09[84][82]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gerrit L\u00f6sch\uff081994\u5e74\uff09[87]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jacob Rumph\uff082024\u5e74\uff09[86]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Douglas Mark Sanderson\uff082012\u5e74\uff09[88]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>David Howard Splane\uff081999\u5e74\uff09[84][82]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jeffrey Winder\uff082023\u5e74\uff09[83]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-10\"><strong>\u6210\u54e1\u4e00\u89a7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1971\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u8907\u6570\u7406\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u975e\u516c\u5f0f\u306b\u300c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u300d\u6210\u54e1\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u30011971\u5e74\u304b\u3089 Governing Body \u3092\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u8868\u8a18\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u306f\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f11\u4eba\u306e\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u3002[89][90]\n\n\n\n<p>\u7279\u8a18\u304c\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u5949\u4ed5\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u6c0f\u540d\uff08\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5e74\uff09<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u4efb\u671f\u958b\u59cb<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u4efb\u671f\u7d42\u4e86<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u5728\u4efb\u671f\u9593<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u51fa\u5178<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Thomas James Sullivan[a] (1974)<\/td><td>1971\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5[89]<\/td><td>1974\u5e747\u670830\u65e5<\/td><td>2\u5e74302\u65e5<\/td><td>[91][92][93][94]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>John Otto Groh[b] (1975)<\/td><td>1975\u5e741\u670823\u65e5<\/td><td>1975\u5e745\u670817\u65e5<\/td><td>3\u5e74114\u65e5<\/td><td>[95][91]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nathan Homer Knorr[c] (1977)<\/td><td>1977\u5e746\u67088\u65e5<\/td><td>5\u5e74250\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[96][97]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grant Suiter[d] (1983)<\/td><td>1983\u5e7411\u670822\u65e5<\/td><td>12\u5e7452\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[98][99]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Frederick William Franz[e] (1992)<\/td><td>1992\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5<\/td><td>21\u5e7482\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[100][101][102]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lyman Alexander Swingle[f] (2001)<\/td><td>2001\u5e743\u670814\u65e5<\/td><td>29\u5e74164\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[103][104]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Milton George Henschel[g] (2003)<\/td><td>2003\u5e743\u670822\u65e5<\/td><td>31\u5e74172\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[91][105]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>William Kirk Jackson[h] (1981)<\/td><td>1971\u5e7410\u670815\u65e5<\/td><td>1981\u5e7412\u670813\u65e5<\/td><td>10\u5e7459\u65e5<\/td><td>[106][91]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>George Demetrius Gangas (1994)<\/td><td>1994\u5e747\u670828\u65e5<\/td><td>22\u5e74286\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[107]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Raymond Victor Franz (2010)<\/td><td>1971\u5e7410\u670820\u65e5[108]<\/td><td>1980\u5e745\u670822\u65e5[i]<\/td><td>8\u5e74215\u65e5<\/td><td>[39][91][109][110][111]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Leo Kincaid Greenlees (?)<\/td><td>1971\u5e7410\u6708<\/td><td>1984\u20131985\u5e74[j]<\/td><td>\u7d0413\u201314\u5e74<\/td><td>[112][113]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Charles John Fekel (1977)<\/td><td>\u7d041974\u5e7411\u670828\u65e5[k][114]<\/td><td>1977\u5e744\u670824\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d042\u5e74147\u65e5<\/td><td>[115]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ewart Charles Chitty (?)<\/td><td>1979\u5e74[l]<\/td><td>\u7d044\u20135\u5e74<\/td><td>\u4e0d\u660e<\/td><td>[116]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>John Charles Booth (1996)<\/td><td>1996\u5e741\u67088\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d0421\u5e7441\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[117]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>William Lloyd Barry (1999)<\/td><td>1999\u5e747\u67082\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d0424\u5e74216\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[118]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karl Frederick Klein (2001)<\/td><td>2001\u5e741\u67083\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d0426\u5e7436\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[119][120]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Albert Darger Schroeder (2006)<\/td><td>2006\u5e743\u67088\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d0431\u5e74100\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[121]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Daniel Sydlik (2006)<\/td><td>2006\u5e744\u670818\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d0431\u5e74141\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[122]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Theodore Jaracz (2010)<\/td><td>2010\u5e746\u67089\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d0435\u5e74193\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[123]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Martin P\u00f6tzinger (1988)<\/td><td>\u7d041977\u5e749\u67087\u65e5[m]<\/td><td>1988\u5e746\u670816\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d0410\u5e74283\u65e5<\/td><td>[125]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Carey Walter Barber (2007)<\/td><td>2007\u5e744\u67088\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d0429\u5e74213\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[126]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>John Edwin Barr[n] (2010)<\/td><td>2010\u5e7412\u67084\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d0433\u5e7488\u65e5<\/td><td><\/td><td>[127]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gerrit L\u00f6sch<\/td><td>1994\u5e747\u67081\u65e5<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td>31\u5e74318\u65e5<\/td><td>[87]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Guy Hollis Pierce (2014)<\/td><td>\u7d041999\u5e7410\u67082\u65e5[o]<\/td><td>2014\u5e743\u670818\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d0414\u5e74167\u65e5<\/td><td>[84][6][128]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>David Howard Splane<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u7d0426\u5e74225\u65e5<\/td><td>[84]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mark Stephen Lett<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Samuel Frederick Herd<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Anthony Morris III<\/td><td>2005\u5e749\u67081\u65e5<\/td><td>\u7d042023\u5e742\u670822\u65e5[p]<\/td><td>\u7d0417\u5e74174\u65e5<\/td><td>[85][129]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Geoffrey William Jackson<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td><\/td><td>20\u5e74256\u65e5<\/td><td>[85]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Douglas Mark Sanderson<\/td><td>2012\u5e749\u67081\u65e5<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td>13\u5e74256\u65e5<\/td><td>[88]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kenneth Eugene Cook, Jr.<\/td><td>\u7d042018\u5e741\u670824\u65e5[q]<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td>\u7d048\u5e74111\u65e5<\/td><td>[79]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gage Fleegle<\/td><td>\u7d042023\u5e741\u670818\u65e5[r]<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td>\u7d043\u5e74112\u65e5<\/td><td>[83]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jeffrey Winder<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jody Jedele<\/td><td>\u7d042024\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5[s]<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td>\u7d041\u5e74222\u65e5<\/td><td>[86]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jacob Rumph<\/td><td>\u73fe\u8077<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[a] \u7406\u4e8b 1932\u20131973\u5e74<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[b] \u7406\u4e8b 1965\u20131973\u5e74\u9803<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[c] \u7406\u4e8b 1940\u20131977\u5e74\u3001\u526f\u4f1a\u9577 1940\/1941\u20131942\u5e74\u3001\u4f1a\u9577 1942\u20131977\u5e74<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[d] \u7406\u4e8b 1938\u20131983\u5e74\u3001\u66f8\u8a18\u517c\u4f1a\u8a08 1947\u20131983\u5e74<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[e] \u7406\u4e8b 1944\u20131992\u5e74\u3001\u526f\u4f1a\u9577 1945\u20131977\u5e74\u3001\u4f1a\u9577 1977\u20131992\u5e74<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[f] \u7406\u4e8b 1945\u20132000\u5e74\u3001\u66f8\u8a18\u517c\u4f1a\u8a08 1983\/1984\u20132000\u5e74<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[g] \u7406\u4e8b 1947\u20132000\u5e74\u3001\u526f\u4f1a\u9577 ?\u20131992\u5e74\u3001\u4f1a\u9577 1992\u20132000\u5e74<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[h] \u7406\u4e8b 1973\u2013?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[i] \u8f9e\u4efb\u5f8c\u30011981\u5e74\u306b\u6392\u65a5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[j] \u8f9e\u4efb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[k] 1974\u5e7411\u670828\u65e5\u306b\u767a\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[l] \u8f9e\u4efb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[m] 1977\u5e749\u67087\u65e5\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3002Fekel\u3001Knorr\u3001Groh \u306e\u5f8c\u4efb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4efb\u547d\u3002[124]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[n] \u7406\u4e8b 1982\u5e74\u9803<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[o] 1999\u5e7410\u67082\u65e5\u306b\u767a\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[p] 2023\u5e742\u670822\u65e5\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3002\u4e0d\u660e\u77ad\u306a\u4e8b\u60c5\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u3092\u96e2\u8131\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[q] 2018\u5e741\u670824\u65e5\u306b\u767a\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[r] 2023\u5e741\u670818\u65e5\u306b\u767a\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[s] 2024\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5\u306b\u767a\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-11\"><strong>\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-sango-with-border\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/timeline\/1u14h7wfszef7w0ne8oaoksdds75u9v.png\" alt=\"\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=zNfTBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA297\"><em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. University of Toronto Press. p.&nbsp;297.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.&nbsp;<q>Since 1975, the Governing Body has been the supreme ruling council of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1972847\">&#8220;Questions From Readers&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Watchtower\">The Watchtower<\/a><\/em>. November 15, 1972. p.&nbsp;703.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Our active leader today&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>, September 15, 2010, page 27, &#8220;They recognize, however, that Christ is using a small group of anointed Christian men as a Governing Body to lead and direct his disciples on earth.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1102009057\"><em>&#8220;Bearing Thorough Witness&#8221; About God&#8217;s Kingdom<\/em><\/a>. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. 2009. p.&nbsp;110.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;As of September 2005, twelve members listed (See &#8216;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2006207\">&#8220;New Members of the Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 2006. p.&nbsp;26.)<br>Schroeder died March 8, 2006. (See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2006689\">&#8220;His Delight Was in the Law of Jehovah&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. September 15, 2006. p.&nbsp;31.)<br>Sydlik died April 18, 2006. (See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2007002\">&#8220;A Man Who Loved Life and People&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 1, 2007. p.&nbsp;8.)<br>Barber died April 8, 2007. (See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2007768\">&#8220;Rejoicing Over &#8220;Victory With the Lamb&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. October 15, 2007. p.&nbsp;31.)<br>Jaracz died June 9, 2010. (See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2010849\">&#8220;Rejoicing Over &#8220;Victory With the Lamb&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. October 15, 2007. p.&nbsp;23.)<br>Barr died December 4, 2010. (See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2011369\">&#8220;&#8221;A Wonderful Overseer and a Dear Friend&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. May 15, 2011. p.&nbsp;6.)<br>Mark Sanderson appointed in September 2012&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2013534\">&#8220;A New Member of the Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. July 15, 2013. p.&nbsp;26.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/news\/by-region\/world\/guy-pierce-governing-body-member-dies\">&#8220;Guy H. Pierce, Member of the Governing Body, Dies at 79&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Official website of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. March 20, 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. p.&nbsp;217.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/302007001\"><em>Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. pp.&nbsp;4, 6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Botting, Heather &amp; Gary (1984).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/orwellianworldof0000bott\"><em>The Orwellian World of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. University of Toronto Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/orwellianworldof0000bott\/page\/178\">178<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-6545-7\"><bdi>0-8020-6545-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Knox, Zoe (2018).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=EtBJDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Governing+Body+of+Jehovah%27s+Witnesses+all+male\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses and the Secular World: From the 1870s to the Present<\/em><\/a>. Springer. p.&nbsp;6.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-137-39605-1\"><bdi>978-1-137-39605-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2007).&nbsp;<em>In Search of Christian Freedom<\/em>. Commentary Press. p.&nbsp;123.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-17-4\"><bdi>978-0-914675-17-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raymond_Franz\">Franz, Raymond<\/a>&nbsp;(2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/58\">58<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2007).&nbsp;<em>In Search of Christian Freedom<\/em>. Commentary Press. pp.&nbsp;186, footnote.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-17-4\"><bdi>978-0-914675-17-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. pp.&nbsp;162\u2013163, 214.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raymond_Franz\">Franz, Raymond<\/a>&nbsp;(2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/61\">61\u201362<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. p.&nbsp;59.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Kingdom Sign of the Servants&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 1943. p.&nbsp;216.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Theocratic Organization in Action&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. November 1, 1944. p.&nbsp;328.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Qualified to be Ministers<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1955. p.&nbsp;381.&nbsp;cited by Raymond Franz,&nbsp;<em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em>, page 74<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1959123\">&#8220;Divine Will International Assembly of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. February 15, 1959. p.&nbsp;115.&nbsp;<q>So with intense interest the spiritual governing body of Jehovah&#8217;s witnesses watched the developments&nbsp;&#8230; Without delay the president of the Watch Tower Bible &amp; Tract Society closed a contract with the owners to use the Polo Grounds simultaneously with Yankee Stadium.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301970000\"><em>Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 1970. p.&nbsp;65.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raymond_Franz\">Franz, Raymond<\/a>&nbsp;(2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/57\">57<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond.&nbsp;<em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em>. pp.&nbsp;31, 44.&nbsp;The seven directors at October 20 were Nathan Knorr, Fred Franz, Grant Suiter, Thomas Sullivan, Milton Henschel, Lyman Swingle and John Groh. The additional four to form the Governing Body were William Jackson, Leo Greenlees, George Gangas and Raymond Franz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Testimony by Fred Franz, Lord Strachan vs. Douglas Walsh Transcript, Lord Strachan vs. Douglas Walsh, 1954, as cited by Raymond Franz,&nbsp;<em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em>, 2007, page 75-76.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1971922\">&#8220;Theocratic Organization with Which to Move Forward Now;A Governing Body as Different from a Legal Corporation&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. December 15, 1971. pp.&nbsp;749\u2013756.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301972009\"><em>Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. 1972. pp.&nbsp;254\u2013257.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raymond_Franz\">Franz, Raymond<\/a>&nbsp;(2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. p.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/78\">78<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1972847\">&#8220;Questions From Readers&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>: 703. November 15, 1972.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raymond_Franz\">Franz, Raymond<\/a>&nbsp;(2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/44\">44\u2013110<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. p.&nbsp;228.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. p.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/45\">45<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/46\">46<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. p.&nbsp;215.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/81\">81\u2013105<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/80\">80\u2013107<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1101993010\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses\u2013Proclaimers of God&#8217;s Kingdom<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 1993. pp.&nbsp;108\u2013109.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. pp.&nbsp;117\u2013123.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Botting, Heather &amp; Gary (1984).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/orwellianworldof0000bott\"><em>The Orwellian World of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. University of Toronto Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/orwellianworldof0000bott\/page\/158\">158\u2013165<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-6545-7\"><bdi>0-8020-6545-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Ostling, Richard H. &amp; Constable, Anne (February 22, 1982).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070930102309\/http:\/\/www.time.com\/time\/magazine\/article\/0,9171,922767-1,00.html\">&#8220;Witness Under Prosecution&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_(magazine)\">Time<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2007). &#8220;11-12&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em>. Commentary Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. pp.&nbsp;219,&nbsp;297\u2013302, 319.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1992283\">&#8220;Jehovah&#8217;s Provision, the &#8220;Given Ones&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. April 15, 1992. pp.&nbsp;16\u201317.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1992288\">&#8220;Announcement&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. April 15, 1992. p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301993018\"><em>1993 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. pp.&nbsp;253\u2013254.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1994808\">&#8220;Governing Body Addition&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. November 1, 1994. p.&nbsp;29.&nbsp;<q>The new member is Gerrit L\u00f6sch.&nbsp;&#8230; L\u00f6sch has served in the Executive Offices and as an assistant to the Service Committee<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2000007\">&#8220;New Members of the Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 1, 2000. p.&nbsp;29.&nbsp;<q>The new members, all anointed Christians, are Samuel F. Herd; M. Stephen Lett; Guy H. Pierce; and David H. Splane. Samuel Herd&nbsp;&#8230; was also serving as a helper to the Service Committee. Stephen Lett&nbsp;&#8230; was a helper to the Teaching Committee. Guy Pierce&nbsp;&#8230; had been serving as a helper to the Personnel Committee. David Splane&nbsp;&#8230; had been a helper to the Writing Committee.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2000007\">&#8220;New Members of the Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 1, 2000. p.&nbsp;26.&nbsp;<q>Geoffrey W. Jackson and Anthony Morris III\u2014would be added to the Governing Body of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses.&nbsp;&#8230; In April 2003, [Jackson] became part of the United States Bethel family and began to work in the Translation Services Department. Soon thereafter, Brother Jackson was made a helper to the Teaching Committee of the Governing Body&nbsp;&#8230; 2002 [Morris] worked in the Service Department at Patterson and later as a helper to the Service Committee of the Governing Body.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2006126\">&#8220;Walking in the Path of Increasing Light&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. February 15, 2006. p.&nbsp;28.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2001051\">&#8220;How the Governing Body Differs From a Legal Corporation&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 15, 2001. p.&nbsp;29.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2008367\">&#8220;How the Governing Body Is Organized&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. May 15, 2008. p.&nbsp;29.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. p.&nbsp;218.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/85\">85<\/a>, 115.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2011608\">&#8220;A History-Making Meeting&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. August 15, 2011. p.&nbsp;21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/302012017\"><em>2012 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. pp.&nbsp;13\u201317.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2012686\">&#8220;Theocratic Schools-Evidence of Jehovah&#8217;s Love&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. September 15, 2012. pp.&nbsp;13\u201317.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1971844\">&#8220;A &#8220;Body of Elders&#8221; with Rotating Chairmanship&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. November 15, 1971. p.&nbsp;699,700.&nbsp;<q>how will the &#8220;body of elders&#8221; in each congregation be selected? The governing body through the Watch Tower Society will send out a letter asking the committee that now looks after each congregation&#8217;s activity to&nbsp;&#8230; prayerfully consider who within your congregation really meets the qualifications of an elder or overseer.&nbsp;&#8230; Then recommendations will be made to the governing body.&nbsp;&#8230; After the governing body receives recommendations from the congregation, then proper appointments will be made. The governing body will do the appointing of elders in every congregation and this information will be sent out by the governing body through the various offices of the Society throughout the world.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1975084\">&#8220;Hope Based on the Unfolding Purpose of God&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. February 1, 1975. p.&nbsp;86.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2001049\">&#8220;Overseers and Ministerial Servants Theocratically Appointed&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 15, 2001. p.&nbsp;15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/publications\/magazines\/w20141115\/questions-from-readers\">&#8220;Questions From Readers&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. November 15, 2014. pp.&nbsp;28\u201330.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2001049\">&#8220;Overseers and Ministerial Servants Theocratically Appointed&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 15, 2001. p.&nbsp;15.&nbsp;<q>In addition to appointing Branch Committee members, the Governing Body appoints Bethel elders and traveling overseers. However, they do commission responsible brothers to act for them in making certain other appointments.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1988724\">&#8220;Keep Holding Men of That Sort Dear&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. October 1, 1988. pp.&nbsp;18\u201319.&nbsp;<q>[The] traveling overseers sent forth by the Governing Body to preach the good news and help the congregations should be received hospitably and with respect.&nbsp;&#8230; Elders, in particular, should show proper respect for these visiting&nbsp;<em>representatives of the Governing Body<\/em>. They are sent to the congregations because of their spiritual qualities and their experience, which is usually more extensive than that of many local elders.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1990204\">&#8220;Cooperating With the Governing Body Today&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 1990. pp.&nbsp;19\u201320.&nbsp;<q>Since February 1, 1976, each of the branches of the Watch Tower Society has had a Branch Committee made up of capable men appointed by the Governing Body. As&nbsp;<em>representatives of the Governing Body<\/em>&nbsp;for the country or countries under the supervision of their branch, these brothers must be faithful, loyal men.&nbsp;&#8230; Branch Committees recommend mature, spiritual men to serve as circuit and district overseers. After being appointed directly by the Governing Body, they serve as traveling overseers. These brothers visit circuits and congregations in order to build them up spiritually and help them apply instructions received from the Governing Body.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1994003\">&#8220;The Watchtower and Awake!\u2014Timely Journals of Truth&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 1, 1994. p.&nbsp;21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1986004\">&#8220;Building for an Eternal Future&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 1, 1986. p.&nbsp;25.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Gov. Body as &#8220;Faithful &amp; Discreet Slave&#8221; is explained in 8 minute clip.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/news\/events-activities\/video-clip-2012-annual-meeting-program\">&#8220;2012 Annual Meeting Program&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Official website of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2008282\">&#8220;Seek God&#8217;s guidance in all things&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. April 15, 2008. p.&nbsp;11.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1972241\">&#8220;&#8216;They Shall Know that a Prophet Was Among Them'&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. April 1, 1972. p.&nbsp;200.&nbsp;<q>the modern-day &#8220;prophet,&#8221; the spirit-begotten, anointed ones who are the nucleus of Jehovah&#8217;s witnesses today<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;The Things Revealed Belong to Us&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>, May 15, 1986, page 13.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2007).&nbsp;<em>In Search of Christian Freedom<\/em>. Commentary Press. p.&nbsp;153.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-17-4\"><bdi>978-0-914675-17-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2009443\">&#8220;The Faithful Steward and Its Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. June 15, 2009. p.&nbsp;24.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. p.&nbsp;211.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2009443\">&#8220;The Faithful Steward and Its Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. June 15, 2009. pp.&nbsp;23\u201324.&nbsp;<q>They do not believe that their being of the anointed gives them special insights beyond what even some experienced members of the &#8220;great crowd&#8221; may have. They do not believe that they necessarily have more holy spirit than their companions of the &#8216;other sheep&#8217; have. They do not expect special treatment; nor do they claim that their partaking of the emblems places them above the appointed elders in the congregation.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1997403\">&#8220;A Secret Christians Dare Not Keep!&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. June 1, 1997. p.&nbsp;14.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1989206\">&#8220;Insight That Jehovah Has Given&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 1989. p.&nbsp;22.&nbsp;<q>It is through the columns of&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>&nbsp;that explanations of vital Scriptural truths have been provided for us by Jehovah&#8217;s &#8216;faithful and discreet slave.&#8217;&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>&nbsp;is the principal instrument used by the &#8216;slave&#8217; class for dispensing spiritual food.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2010524\">&#8220;The Spirit Searches into the Deep Things of God&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. July 15, 2010. p.&nbsp;23.&nbsp;<q>When the time comes to clarify a spiritual matter in our day, holy spirit helps responsible representatives of &#8216;the faithful and discreet slave&#8217; at world headquarters to discern deep truths that were not previously understood. The Governing Body as a whole considers adjusted explanations. What they learn, they publish for the benefit of all.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2011609\">&#8220;Question From Readers&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. August 15, 2011. p.&nbsp;22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/news\/events-activities\/annual-meeting-report-2012\">&#8220;Annual Meeting Report&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Official website of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/jehovahs-witnesses\/faq\/governing-body\">&#8220;What Is the Governing Body of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses?&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Official website of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/news\/releases\/by-region\/world\/kenneth-cook-governing-body\">&#8220;Kenneth Cook Appointed to the Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Official website of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Retrieved&nbsp;February 19,&nbsp;2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1200277365\">&#8220;COOK, KENNETH E. JR&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Watchtower Online Library<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;December 6,&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/cak\/wol\/d\/r155\/lp-cq\/2019248#h=9\">&#8220;Jun k\u02bcak\u02bcak\u02bc kichi\u02bcil ri Molaj Uk\u02bcw\u00e4y B\u02bcey&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Ri Chajinel<\/em>&nbsp;(in Kaqchikel). January 2019. p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/sg\/wol\/d\/r87\/lp-sg\/2019248#h=7\">&#8220;Mbeni fini membre ti Bebungbi&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Tour di Ba Ndo<\/em>&nbsp;(in Sango). January 2019. p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/news\/jw\/#newsAlerts\">&#8220;BREAKING NEWS Two New Members of the Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower Society<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230118160808\/https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/news\/jw\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on January 18, 2023. Retrieved&nbsp;February 24,&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2000007\">&#8220;New Members of the Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 1, 2000. p.&nbsp;29.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2006207\">&#8220;New Members of the Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 2006. p.&nbsp;26.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/library\/magazines\/watchtower-study-october-2025\/Two-New-Members-of-the-Governing-Body\/\">Two New Members of the Governing Body<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>, October 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1994808\">&#8220;Governing Body Addition&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. November 1, 1994. p.&nbsp;26.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2013534\">&#8220;A New Member of the Governing Body&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. July 15, 2013. p.&nbsp;26.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1971923\">&#8220;A Governing Body as Different from a Legal Corporation&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. December 15, 1971. p.&nbsp;762.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301973008\"><em>1973 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. p.&nbsp;257.&nbsp;<q>The Governing Body of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses consists of eleven brothers, all anointed of God. They are as follows: Frederick W. Franz, Raymond V. Franz, George D. Gangas, Leo K. Greenlees, John O. Groh, Milton G. Henschel, William K. Jackson, Nathan H. Knorr, Grant Suiter, Thomas J. Sullivan and Lyman A. Swingle.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2007).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/273\"><em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em><\/a>. Commentary Press. pp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/crisisofconscien00raym\/page\/273\">273\u2013336<\/a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-914675-23-5\"><bdi>978-0-914675-23-5<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1974683\">&#8220;He Ran for &#8220;The Prize of the Upward Call&#8221; and Won!&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. September 15, 1974. p.&nbsp;554.&nbsp;<q>On October 31, 1932, he [Sullivan] was made a member of the board of directors of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania; he was also one of the eleven-member governing body of Jehovah&#8217;s witnesses.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1101993007\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses &#8211; Proclaimers of God&#8217;s Kingdom<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. p.&nbsp;71.&nbsp;<q>Thomas (Bud) Sullivan, who later served as a member of the Governing Body, recalled: &#8220;It was my privilege to visit Brooklyn Bethel in the late summer of 1918 during the brothers&#8217; incarceration.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301979004#h=123:157-123:345\"><em>1979 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. p.&nbsp;97.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1975208#h=1:0-2:1382\">&#8220;A Man of Single Purpose&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 1975. p.&nbsp;190.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1101993009\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses Proclaimers of God&#8217;s Kingdom<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. p.&nbsp;91.&nbsp;<q>On June 10, 1940, he became the vice-president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (Pennsylvania corporation).<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1977526\">&#8220;Firm to the End&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. July 15, 1977. p.&nbsp;441.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>1939 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. p.&nbsp;195.&nbsp;<q>The corporation, the Watch Tower Bible &amp; Tract Society, pursuant to its charter and by-laws, and the laws of the State of Pennsylvania, held its annual meeting at Pittsburgh, North Side, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, on the first day of October, A.D. 1938, at which annual meeting a Board of Directors was elected as follows, to wit: J. F. Rutherford, C. A. Wise, W. E. Van Amburgh, H. H. Riemer, T. J. Sullivan, Wm. P. Heath, Jr., and Grant Suiter, to hold office for a period of three years, or until their successors are duly elected.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1984083\">&#8220;A Loyal Fighter Passes On&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. February 1, 1984. p.&nbsp;9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Service Assembly and Annual Meeting\u2014Pittsburgh&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. November 1, 1944. p.&nbsp;334.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2001051\">&#8220;How the Governing Body Differs From a Legal Corporation&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 15, 2001. p.&nbsp;28.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1993207\">&#8220;Rewarded With &#8220;the Crown of Life&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 1993. pp.&nbsp;31\u201332.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1101993009\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses\u2013Proclaimers of God&#8217;s Kingdom<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 1993. p.&nbsp;91.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2001490#h=3:119-3:377\">&#8220;He &#8220;Endured to the End&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. July 1, 2001. p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2003610#h=1:0-2:161\">&#8220;He Loved Kindness&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. August 15, 2003. p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1982127#h=1:0-4:527\">&#8220;&#8216;A Very, Very Devoted Man'&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. February 15, 1982. p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1994890\">&#8220;His Deeds Follow Him&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. December 1, 1994. p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Franz, Raymond (2004).&nbsp;<em>Crisis of Conscience<\/em>&nbsp;(4th&nbsp;ed.). Commentary Press. p.&nbsp;31.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-914675-23-0\"><bdi>0-914675-23-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/201980284\">&#8220;Announcements&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Our_Kingdom_Ministry\">Our Kingdom Ministry<\/a><\/em>. August 1980. p.&nbsp;2.&nbsp;<q>Raymond Victor Franz is no longer a member of the Governing Body and of the Brooklyn Bethel family as of May 22, 1980.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. p.&nbsp;120.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Beverley, James A. (1986).&nbsp;<em>Crisis of Allegiance<\/em>. Burlington, Ontario: Welch Publishing Company. p.&nbsp;71.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-920413-37-4\"><bdi>0-920413-37-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301986014\"><em>1986 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. p.&nbsp;255.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Penton, M. James (1997).&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. pp.&nbsp;322, 393.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1975047\">&#8220;Governing Body of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses Enlarged&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 15, 1975. p.&nbsp;60.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1977484\">&#8220;A Joyful Perseverer in Good Work&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. July 1, 1977. p.&nbsp;399.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301980006\"><em>Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. 1980. pp.&nbsp;257\u2013258.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1996448\">&#8220;He Humbly Served Jehovah&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. June 15, 1996. p.&nbsp;32.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2001246\">&#8220;We Were a Team&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. April 1, 2001. p.&nbsp;24.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1984726\">&#8220;Jehovah Has Dealt Rewardingly With Me&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. October 1, 1984. p.&nbsp;21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2001330#h=3:147-3:242\">&#8220;&#8221;Jehovah Has Been Very Good to Me!&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. May 1, 2001. p.&nbsp;21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2006689\">&#8220;His Delight Was in the Law of Jehovah&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. September 15, 2006. p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2007002\">&#8220;A Man Who Loved Life and People&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 1, 2007. p.&nbsp;8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2010849#h=1:0-2:280\">&#8220;&#8216;The Things He Did Have Gone Right With Him'&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. November 15, 2010. p.&nbsp;23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301978007\"><em>1978 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. p.&nbsp;259.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1988687#h=2:0-2:334\">&#8220;A Staunch Fighter for the Truth&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. September 15, 1988. p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2007768\">&#8220;Rejoicing Over &#8220;Victory With the Lamb&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. October 15, 2007. p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2011369#h=1:0-2:244\">&#8220;&#8221;A Wonderful Overseer and a Dear Friend&#8221;&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. May 15, 2011. p.&nbsp;6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/2014922\">&#8220;He &#8216;Knew the Way'&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. December 15, 2014. p.&nbsp;3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/news\/jw\/#newsAlerts\">&#8220;Announcement&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower Society<\/em>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230224141819\/https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/news\/jw\/\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;from the original on February 24, 2023. Retrieved&nbsp;February 24,&nbsp;2023.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#e7e5e5\">\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001Wikipedia\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7ffb\u8a33\u30fb\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u3066\u63b2\u8f09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u539f\u6587\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governing_Body_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses\">Governing Body of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/a><br>\u539f\u8457\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aWikipedia contributors<br>\u30e9\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u30b9\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.ja?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248Wikipedia\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u201cGoverning Body of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses\u201d \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6a5f\u68b0\u7ffb\u8a33\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9eWik &#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1888,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1876","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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