{"id":1922,"date":"2026-05-17T08:52:33","date_gmt":"2026-05-16T23:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1922"},"modified":"2026-05-17T09:46:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-17T00:46:04","slug":"%e8%81%96%e6%9b%b8%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1922","title":{"rendered":"\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u904b\u52d5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248Wikipedia\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement\">\u201cBible Student movement\u201d<\/a> \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6a5f\u68b0\u7ffb\u8a33\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9eWikipedia\u306e\u300c<a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9B%E3%83%90%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%BC%E4%BA%BA\">\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba<\/a>\u300d\u306f\u300c\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u5e83\u544a\u30fb\u5ba3\u4f1d\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u9451\u307f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u6587\u732e\u3092\u7ffb\u8a33\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u7ffb\u8a33\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6d77\u5916\u3067\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5831\u9053\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u3001\u8abf\u67fb\u3001\u6279\u5224\u3001\u53cd\u8ad6\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63b2\u8f09\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u4fe1\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u3092\u653b\u6483\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5dee\u5225\u3084\u8feb\u5bb3\u3092\u52a9\u9577\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u610f\u56f3\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u756a\u53f7\u306f\u3001\u539f\u6587Wikipedia\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306b\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u51fa\u5178\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u9650\u308a\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6b8b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5404\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u539f\u6587\u8a18\u4e8b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5404\u5f15\u7528\u5143\u3092\u3054\u78ba\u8a8d\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u306a\u304a\u3001\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u7ffb\u8a33\u306f\u6a5f\u68b0\u7ffb\u8a33\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u8a33\u8a9e\u306e\u63fa\u308c\u3001\u6587\u610f\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u3001\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u5236\u5ea6\u540d\u30fb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u8aa4\u8a33\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u539f\u6587\u81ea\u4f53\u306b\u8aa4\u5b57\u3001\u8868\u8a18\u3086\u308c\u3001\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u3001\u51fa\u5178\u5207\u308c\u3001\u53e4\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3001\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u306f\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u539f\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u30fb\u8a18\u8ff0\u30fb\u5f15\u7528\u756a\u53f7\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u6cd5\u7684\u52a9\u8a00\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u52a9\u8a00\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u6848\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u539f\u6587\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u516c\u7684\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u3054\u78ba\u8a8d\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u5150\u7ae5\u8650\u5f85\u3001\u6027\u88ab\u5bb3\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u3001\u88ab\u5bb3\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u3042\u308b\u65b9\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u8ca0\u62c5\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u95b2\u89a7\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3054\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u5fc3\u8eab\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u5341\u5206\u3054\u6ce8\u610f\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u7dca\u6025\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u78ba\u4fdd\u3084\u652f\u63f4\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5730\u57df\u306e\u76f8\u8ac7\u7a93\u53e3\u3001\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u5150\u7ae5\u76f8\u8ac7\u6240\u3001\u533b\u7642\u6a5f\u95a2\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u652f\u63f4\u56e3\u4f53\u7b49\u306b\u3054\u76f8\u8ac7\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ffb\u8a33\u65e5\u3000\uff12\uff10\uff12\uff16\u5e74\uff15\u6708\uff11\uff16\u65e5<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-0\">\u6982\u8981<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0c\/Development_of_Bible_Students_en.svg\/1280px-Development_of_Bible_Students_en.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u5404\u5b97\u6d3e\u3078\u306e\u5206\u5c90\u3092\u793a\u3059\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30c8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u904b\u52d5\uff08Bible Student movement\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5343\u5e74\u738b\u56fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684[1]\u304b\u3064\u5fa9\u8208\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u30ba\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\uff081852\u20131916\u3001\u30d1\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff09\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3068\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u304a\u3088\u30731881\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\uff08Zion\u2019s Watch Tower Tract Society\uff09\u306e\u8a2d\u7acb\u3092\u8d77\u6e90\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u3067\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3002\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u300cBible Students\uff08\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300cInternational Bible Students\uff08\u56fd\u969b\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300cAssociated Bible Students\uff08\u63d0\u643a\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u300d\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300cIndependent Bible Students\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u300d\u306a\u3069\u3068\u547c\u3093\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1909\u5e74\u304b\u30891932\u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6570\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5206\u88c2\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u3002[2][3] \u6700\u3082\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u5206\u88c2\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c2\u304b\u6708\u5f8c\u306b\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u4f1a\u9577\u306b\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f1917\u5e74\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5206\u88c2\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u5354\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b4\u540d\u3092\u7269\u8b70\u3092\u91b8\u3059\u5f62\u3067\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3001\u304a\u3088\u30731917\u5e747\u6708\u306b\u300eThe Finished Mystery\uff08\u5b8c\u7d50\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5965\u7fa9\uff09\u300f\u3092\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u304b\u3089\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u30011925\u5e74\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u306e\u5931\u6557\u3001\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u6559\u7fa9\u5909\u66f4\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7d44\u7e54\u5909\u66f4\u3078\u306e\u5e7b\u6ec5\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u904b\u52d5\u3092\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6a29\u7684\u306b\u7d71\u5236\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u904b\u52d5\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002[2] \u4f5c\u5bb6\u3067\u5143\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30b7\u30e5\u30cd\u30eb\u306f\u30011919\u5e74\u306b\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5143\u6765\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e4\u5206\u306e3\u304c\u30011931\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[4][3][a] 1930\u5e74\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u300c\u5354\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u8005\u306e\u7dcf\u6570\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u591a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002[5]\n\n\n\n<p>1918\u5e74\u304b\u30891929\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u6d3e\u95a5\u304c\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001Stand Fast Movement\uff08\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a1\u30b9\u30c8\u904b\u52d5\uff09\u3001Pastoral Bible Institute\uff08\u7267\u4f1a\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff09\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305fLaymen\u2019s Home Missionary Movement\uff08\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bb6\u5ead\u5ba3\u6559\u904b\u52d5\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073Dawn Bible Students Association\uff08\u30c9\u30fc\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\uff09\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306f\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u306a\u7acb\u5834\uff08\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u771f\u306e\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3088\u308a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u7acb\u5834\uff08\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u304b\u3064\u3066\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u307b\u3069\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3059\u308b\uff09\u307e\u3067\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u3002[6] \u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u6d3e\u306f\u904b\u52d5\u5185\u3067\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u652f\u914d\u6a29\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057[6]\u30011931\u5e747\u6708\u306b\u300cJehovah\u2019s witnesses\uff08\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u79f0\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3002[b] 20\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f600\u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u6570\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u7dcf\u6570\u306f7\u4e075\u5343\u4eba\u672a\u6e80\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[7][8][9]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-1\"><strong>\u5275\u8a2d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/18\/Charles_Taze_Russell_sharp.jpg\" alt=\"\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1911\u5e74\u306e\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1869\u5e74\u3001\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c9\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u30fb\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u6d3e\u306e\u8aac\u6559\u8005\u30b8\u30e7\u30ca\u30b9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30f3\u30c7\u30eb[10][11]\uff08\u30df\u30e9\u30fc\u6d3e\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u305f\uff09[12] \u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u3092\u805e\u304d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u307e\u3082\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30eb\u30d9\u30cb\u30a2\u5dde\u30a2\u30ec\u30b2\u30cb\u30fc\u3067\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30c8\u30bd\u30f3\u304c\u7387\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30a2\u30c9\u30d9\u30f3\u30c1\u30b9\u30c8\u7cfb\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3002\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30a2\u30c9\u30d9\u30f3\u30c1\u30b9\u30c8\u7cfb\u7267\u5e2b\u305f\u3061\u304b\u3089\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ba\u306f\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30df\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u65e7\u77e5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30ec\u30b2\u30cb\u30fc\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u3082\u534a\u3070\u5e38\u9023\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51fa\u5e2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[13]\n\n\n\n<p>1876\u5e741\u6708\u521d\u65ec\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u7cfb\u30a2\u30c9\u30d9\u30f3\u30c1\u30b9\u30c8\u8aac\u6559\u8005\u30cd\u30eb\u30bd\u30f3\u30fbH\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fbH\u30fb\u30da\u30a4\u30c8\u30f3\u3068\u51fa\u4f1a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u300eHerald of the Morning\u300f\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f1874\u5e74\u306b\u76ee\u306b\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u5f62\u3067\u518d\u81e8\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3068\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u3092\u7d0d\u5f97\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002[12][c][15][d] \u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u30d0\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u8cc7\u91d1\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u300eHerald of the Morning\u300f\u306e\u5171\u540c\u7de8\u96c6\u8005\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4e8c\u4eba\u306f\u5171\u540c\u3067\u300eThree Worlds and the Harvest of This World\u300f\uff081877\u5e74\uff09\u3092\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u30d0\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u57f7\u7b46\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[e][18]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u66f8\u7269\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u3082\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u904b\u52d5\u3084\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u30011914\u5e74\u306b\u7d42\u308f\u308b\u3068\u4e88\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300c\u7570\u90a6\u4eba\u306e\u6642\uff08Gentile Times\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b2520\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u671f\u9593\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u518d\u81e8\u6d3e\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u518d\u81e8\u6642\u306b\u5730\u7403\u304c\u713c\u304d\u5c3d\u304f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u4ee5\u6765\u306e\u4eba\u985e\u306f\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3057\u3001\u5f93\u9806\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3089\u6c38\u9060\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4eba\u9593\u751f\u547d\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u300c\u8056\u5f92\u300d\u5168\u54e1\u304c1878\u5e744\u6708\u306b\u5929\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u53bb\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u671f\u5f85\u3082\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[19][20]\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u8056\u66f8\u5e74\u4ee3\u5b66\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3055\u305b\u305f\u30021877\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u5c0f\u518a\u5b50\u300eThe Object and Manner of Our Lord\u2019s Return\u300f\u30925\u4e07\u90e8\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u30cf\u30eb\u30de\u30b2\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u6226\u3044\u4ee5\u524d\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u518d\u81e8\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u305f\u30021878\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u300c\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306e\u6642\u300d\u304c1799\u5e74\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308a[21]\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f1874\u5e74\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u518d\u81e8\u3057[22]\u30011878\u5e74\u306b\u5929\u3067\u738b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6234\u51a0\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a2\u30c9\u30d9\u30f3\u30c1\u30b9\u30c8\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u307e\u305f\u30011878\u5e74\u304c\u300c\u7720\u308c\u308b\u8056\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u300d\uff08\u305d\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u307e\u3067\u306b\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306a\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\uff09\u306e\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u5927\u3044\u306a\u308b\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u5d29\u58ca\u300d\u306e\u5e74\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u3001\u4e0d\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306a\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u795e\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u88c1\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[23][24]\n\n\n\n<p>1914\u5e7410\u6708\u306f\u3001\u30cf\u30eb\u30de\u30b2\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u53ce\u7a6b\u671f\u9593\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u3068\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u8870\u9000\u30fb\u5d29\u58ca\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[25][26]\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f1879\u5e747\u6708\u3001\u4ee3\u511f\u7684\u8d16\u7f6a\uff08substitutionary atonement\uff09\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u3092\u3081\u3050\u3063\u3066\u30d0\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3068\u6c7a\u5225\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u6708\u520a\u8a8c\u300eZion\u2019s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ\u2019s Presence\u300f\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u300eThe Watchtower Announcing Jehovah\u2019s Kingdom\u300f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff09\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e21\u8005\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7af6\u5408\u3059\u308b\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u652f\u6301\u3092\u4e89\u3063\u305f\u3002[19][27] \uff08\u3053\u306e\u96d1\u8a8c\u306f1892\u5e74\u306b\u67082\u56de\u520a\u884c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[f][28]\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1881\u5e74\u521d\u982d\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u8af8\u6559\u4f1a\uff08\u300c\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30f3\u300d\uff09\u304c\u5d29\u58ca\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5e74\u306b\u8056\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306e\u643a\u6319\uff08rapture\uff09\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u3068\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u7269\u8cea\u5316\u3057\u305f\u970a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u7559\u307e\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[19] 1882\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u5426\u8a8d\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u306f\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u306f\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u305f\u3002[19]\n\n\n\n<p>\u300eZion\u2019s Watch Tower\u300f\u306e\u8aad\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30011879\u5e74\u304b\u30891880\u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd7\u5dde\u306b30\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u304c\u72ec\u81ea\u306b\u9577\u8001\u3092\u9078\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u30021880\u5e74\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u5404\u4f1a\u8846\u3092\u8a2a\u554f\u3057\u30016\u6642\u9593\u306b\u53ca\u3076\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u5225\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u9032\u3081\u65b9\u3092\u6559\u3048\u305f\u3002[19][29]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-2\"><strong>\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1881\u5e74\u3001\u30b7\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\uff08Zion\u2019s Watch Tower Tract Society\uff09\u304c\u3001\u518a\u5b50\u30fb\u65b0\u805e\u30fb\u6559\u7406\u8ad6\u6587\u30fb\u8056\u66f8\u3092\u914d\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u3067\u3001\u975e\u6cd5\u4eba\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u6a5f\u95a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u304c\u66f8\u8a18\u3092\u52d9\u3081\u3001\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30d8\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30b3\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u4f1a\u9577\u3092\u52d9\u3081\u305f\u3002[28] 3\u5e74\u5f8c\u306e1884\u5e7412\u670815\u65e5\u3001\u5354\u4f1a\u304c\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30eb\u30d9\u30cb\u30a2\u5dde\u3067\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u6cd5\u4eba\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u969b\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u4f1a\u9577\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[30] \uff081896\u5e749\u6708\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u300cWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society\uff08\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\uff09\u300d\u3078\u6539\u79f0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[31]\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u591a\u6570\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u30fb\u66f8\u7c4d\u30fb\u5c0f\u518a\u5b50\u30fb\u8aac\u6559\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u6b8b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7dcf\u5370\u5237\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u6570\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u6b7b\u307e\u3067\u306b5\u4e07\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u9054\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u306f\u7d042000\u4e07\u90e8\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3067\u5370\u5237\u30fb\u914d\u5e03\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[19] 1886\u5e74\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u5f8c\u306b\u300eStudies in the Scriptures\uff08\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u300f\u3078\u6539\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b6\u5dfb\u69cb\u6210\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u300eMillennial Dawn\uff08\u5343\u5e74\u671f\u306e\u591c\u660e\u3051\uff09\u300f\u306e\u7b2c1\u5dfb\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3002[32][g] \u3053\u306e\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u6559\u7fa9\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u300cMillennial Dawnists\uff08\u5343\u5e74\u671f\u306e\u591c\u660e\u3051\u6d3e\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u305f\u3002[33]\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f1881\u5e74\u306b1000\u4eba\u306e\u8aac\u6559\u8005\u3092\u52df\u96c6\u3057\u3001\u300c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4f53\u300d\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u8fd1\u96a3\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u3078\u5ba3\u3079\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u52e7\u3081\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306e\u4eba\u985e\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e1000\u5e74\u7d71\u6cbb\u306e\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u306b\u6551\u3044\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u300c\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u7fa4\u308c\u300d\u306e\u8056\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u3092\u96c6\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[12] \u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u652f\u6301\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306a\u4f1a\u8846\u3068\u3057\u3066\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u3068\u5f7c\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u7d44\u7e54\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u300c\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u4e0d\u8981\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9000\u3051\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u306f\u4f1a\u54e1\u540d\u7c3f\u3082\u3001\u4fe1\u6761\u3082\u3001\u5b97\u6d3e\u540d\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3057\u305f\u3002[34] \u5f7c\u306f1884\u5e742\u6708\u306b\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300c\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u6211\u3005\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u540d\u524d\u3067\u547c\u307c\u3046\u3068\u3082\u3001\u6211\u3005\u306b\u306f\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u2026\u2026\u6211\u3005\u306f\u5358\u306b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\uff08Christians\uff09\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u300d[35]\n\n\n\n<p>\u9577\u8001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u57f7\u4e8b\u306f\u5404\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u6210\u54e1\u9593\u306b\u304b\u306a\u308a\u5e83\u3044\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u61f2\u6212\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u305f\u3002[36] \u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u3001\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u8005\u306f\u4f1a\u8846\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u88c1\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u671b\u307e\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u884c\u52d5\u304c\u7d9a\u304f\u306a\u3089\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u300c\u4ea4\u308f\u308a\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u53bb\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff08withdraw from him its fellowship\uff09\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u52e7\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3002[h] \u6392\u65a5\uff08disfellowshipping\uff09\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5834\u9762\u3084\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304b\u3089\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u907f\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4ea4\u53cb\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[38]\n\n\n\n<p>1895\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u300eStudies in the Scriptures\u300f\u3092\u6bb5\u843d\u3054\u3068\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u52e7\u3081\u305f\u30021905\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9010\u8a9e\u7684\u306a\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u4ee3\u3048\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u9078\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e3b\u984c\u3092\u6271\u3046\u300cBerean Studies\uff08\u30d9\u30ec\u30a2\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u300d\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3088\u3046\u63a8\u5968\u3057\u305f\u3002[12]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\uff081900\u5e74\uff09[39]\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\uff081903\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\uff081904\u5e74\uff09[40] \u306b\u6d77\u5916\u652f\u90e8\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30021909\u5e74\u3001\u5354\u4f1a\u672c\u90e8\u306f\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u5dde\u30d6\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u3078\u79fb\u8ee2\u3057\u305f\u3002[41]\n\n\n\n<p>1914\u5e741\u6708\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u300eThe Photo-Drama of Creation\uff08\u5275\u9020\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30c8\u30c9\u30e9\u30de\uff09\u300f\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u4e0a\u6620\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u305f\u3002[42] \u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5730\u7403\u5275\u9020\u304b\u3089\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u306e\u8a2d\u7acb\u3068\u7d71\u6cbb\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306e\u795e\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u300ePhoto-Drama\u300f\u306f\u3001\u84c4\u97f3\u6a5f\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u6620\u50cf\u3068\u97f3\u58f0\u3092\u540c\u671f\u3055\u305b\u305f\u521d\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u4f5c\u54c1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6620\u753b\u5236\u4f5c\u53f2\u4e0a\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u9032\u6b69\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u30021914\u5e74\u306e\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u306e\u89b3\u5ba2\u6570\u306f900\u4e07\u4eba\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u3002[43][44]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-3\"><strong>\u56fd\u969b\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1910\u5e74\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u624b\u6bb5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300cInternational Bible Students Association\uff08\u56fd\u969b\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u79f0\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u3055\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u306e\u6442\u7406\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306e\u6c11\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3082\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u70b9\u3067\u7570\u8b70\u306e\u306a\u3044\u540d\u79f0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u308b\u984c\u53f7\u3092\u8003\u3048\u305f\u2015\u2015\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u306b\u3042\u308b\u540d\u79f0\uff08IBSA\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u3068\u52aa\u529b\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6211\u3005\u306f\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6211\u3005\u306f\u795e\u306e\u6c11\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3068\u5171\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b53\u8fce\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6211\u3005\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u795d\u798f\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5404\u5730\u306e\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u96c6\u4f1a\u3082\u5927\u304d\u306a\u96c6\u4f1a\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7570\u8b70\u306e\u306a\u3044\u547c\u79f0\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u805e\u5e83\u544a\u6b04\u306a\u3069\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63a8\u5968\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5404\u5730\u306e\u53cb\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u898b\u77e5\u3089\u306c\u90fd\u5e02\u3092\u8a2a\u308c\u305f\u969b\u306b\u3082\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u3079\u304d\u304b\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u300d[45]\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5354\u4f1a\u306f Peoples [sic] Pulpit Association \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6307\u5c0e\u30fb\u904b\u55b6\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u306f\u3055\u3089\u306b Watch Tower Bible &amp; Tract Society \u3092\u4ee3\u8868\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u3053\u306e\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u300cInternational Bible Students Association\u300d\u306e\u540d\u79f0\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u540d\u79f0\u306f\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5927\u4f1a\u306e\u5e83\u544a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u904b\u55b6\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[45]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-4\"><strong>\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u4eba\u7269<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3001\u521d\u671f\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u306b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nelson H. Barbour\uff081824\u20131905\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>John Nelson Darby\uff081800\u20131882\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Henry Dunn\uff081801\u20131878\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Henry Grew\uff081781\u20131862\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dunbar Isidore Heath\uff081816\u20131888\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>William Miller\uff081782\u20131849\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>George Stetson\uff081814\u20131879\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>George Storrs\uff081796\u20131879\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Randolph E. Streeter\uff081847\u20131924\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jonas Wendell\uff081815\u20131873\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Joseph Seiss\uff081823\u20131904\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-5\"><strong>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5206\u88c2<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee: Free Bible Students\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1905\u5e74\u3001\u5de1\u56de\u300cPilgrim\uff08\u5de1\u793c\u8005\uff09\u300d\u8b1b\u6f14\u8005\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5143\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30eb\u6d3e\u7267\u5e2b\u3067\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u30eb\u30fbS\u30fbL\u30fb\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5951\u7d04\uff08New Covenant\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6559\u7fa9\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3057\u305f\u30021880\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5951\u7d04\u306f14\u4e074000\u4eba\u306e\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u304c\u5929\u306b\u53d6\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u306e\u307f\u767a\u52b9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u30011881\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3059\u3067\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[46][47][48]\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u518d\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u30011907\u5e741\u6708\u3001\u300eWatch Tower\u300f\u8a8c\u306b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e1880\u5e74\u6642\u70b9\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u2015\u2015\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5951\u7d04\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3071\u3089\u6765\u308b\u3079\u304d\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u300d\u2015\u2015\u3092\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3002[49] \u3055\u3089\u306b\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u306b\u306f\u4ef2\u4ecb\u8005\uff08mediator\uff09\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u305b\u305a\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u300c\u5f01\u8b77\u8005\uff08advocate\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u300114\u4e074000\u4eba\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u5343\u5e74\u671f\u306e\u9593\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u5171\u306b\u300c\u5171\u540c\u76f8\u7d9a\u4eba\uff08joint heir\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u4ef2\u4ecb\u8005\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3082\u6559\u3048\u305f\u3002[50]\n\n\n\n<p>1909\u5e7410\u670824\u65e5\u3001\u5143\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u66f8\u8a18\u517c\u4f1a\u8a08\u62c5\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u30e1\u30eb\u30dc\u30eb\u30f3\u3092\u62e0\u70b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u652f\u90e8\u9577\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30a2\u30fc\u30cd\u30b9\u30c8\u30fbC\u30fb\u30d8\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306b\u516c\u958b\u6297\u8b70\u66f8\u7c21\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3092\u653e\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8aac\u5f97\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u305f\u3002\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u304c\u62d2\u5426\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30d8\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u30b9\u3068\u30e1\u30eb\u30dc\u30eb\u30f3\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u5927\u534a\u306f\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u3092\u96e2\u308c\u3001\u300cNew Covenant Fellowship\uff08\u65b0\u5951\u7d04\u30d5\u30a7\u30ed\u30fc\u30b7\u30c3\u30d7\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u305f\u3002\u63a8\u5b9a1\u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u3046\u3061\u6570\u767e\u4eba\u3082\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u5de1\u56de\u8b1b\u6f14\u8005\u30de\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30fbL\u30fb\u30de\u30af\u30d5\u30a7\u30a4\u30eb\u3001\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u30d6\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u306eA\u30fbE\u30fb\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30bd\u30f3\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u300cNew Covenant Believers\uff08\u65b0\u5951\u7d04\u4fe1\u5f92\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u305f\u3002[48][51]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306f\u3001\u975e\u516c\u5f0f\u306b\u306f\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u300cFree Bible Students\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3073\u3001\u300eThe Kingdom Scribe\u300f\u8a8c\u30921975\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u767a\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306f\u5f8c\u306b\u300cBerean Bible Students Church\uff08\u30d9\u30ec\u30a2\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6559\u4f1a\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u4f1a\u54e1\u6570\u306f200\u4eba\u672a\u6e80\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[citation needed]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-6\"><strong>\u6307\u5c0e\u6a29\u4e89\u3044\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5f8c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b: Watch Tower Society presidency dispute (1917)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a1\/J.F._Rutherford.gif\" alt=\"\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306f1916\u5e7410\u670831\u65e5\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b5\u30b9\u5dde\u30d1\u30f3\u30d1\u3067\u306e\u6a2a\u65ad\u7684\u306a\u8aac\u6559\u65c5\u884c\u4e2d\u306b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3057\u305f\u30021917\u5e741\u67086\u65e5\u3001\u5354\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9867\u554f\u3067\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u30fb\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u3001\u30d4\u30c3\u30c4\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u5927\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7121\u6295\u7968\u3067\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u4f1a\u9577\u306b\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u300eThe Finished Mystery\uff08\u5b8c\u7d50\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5965\u7fa9\uff09\u300f\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u300eStudies in the Scriptures\uff08\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u300f\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5dfb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3002[52] \u30d4\u30c3\u30c4\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u5927\u4f1a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u3067\u53ef\u6c7a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u898f\u7d04\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u9577\u306f\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u57f7\u884c\u8cac\u4efb\u8005\u517c\u7dcf\u652f\u914d\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u696d\u52d9\u3092\u5168\u9762\u7684\u306b\u7d71\u5236\u3059\u308b\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3068\u5b9a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[53]\n\n\n\n<p>6\u6708\u307e\u3067\u306b\u30017\u4eba\u306e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u306e\u3046\u30614\u4eba\u2015\u2015\u30ed\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30fbH\u30fb\u30cf\u30fc\u30b7\u30e5\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u30fbI\u30fb\u30ea\u30c3\u30c1\u30fc\u3001\u30a2\u30a4\u30b6\u30c3\u30af\u30fbF\u30fb\u30db\u30b9\u30ad\u30f3\u30ba\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30e0\u30ba\u30fbD\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u2015\u2015\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7ba1\u7406\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u3002[54] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3002[54] 6\u6708\u3001\u30cf\u30fc\u30b7\u30e5\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u898f\u7d04\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u6d88\u3057\u3001\u4f1a\u9577\u304b\u3089\u7ba1\u7406\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u623b\u305d\u3046\u3068\u8a66\u307f\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u7406\u4e8b\u305f\u3061\u304c\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u652f\u914d\u6a29\u3092\u596a\u53d6\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u9670\u8b00\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3002[56]\n\n\n\n<p>7\u6708\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u4f01\u696d\u6cd5\u5c02\u9580\u5f01\u8b77\u58eb\u304b\u3089\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e4\u540d\u306f\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5354\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[57]\n\n\n\n<p>1917\u5e747\u670812\u65e5\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u306b4\u3064\u306e\u7a7a\u5e2d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30fbH\u30fb\u30de\u30af\u30df\u30e9\u30f3\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30eb\u30d9\u30cb\u30a2\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308bW\u30fbE\u30fb\u30b9\u30d4\u30eb\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fbA\u30fb\u30dc\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fbH\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u3092\u7406\u4e8b\u306b\u4efb\u547d\u3057\u305f\u3002[57]\n\n\n\n<p>8\u6708\u304b\u308911\u6708\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u8ffd\u653e\u3055\u308c\u305f4\u4eba\u306e\u7406\u4e8b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u30d1\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u767a\u884c\u3057\u3001\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u91ce\u5fc3\u7684\u30fb\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u30fb\u4e0d\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u975e\u96e3\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5143\u7406\u4e8b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u672c\u90e8\u8077\u54e1\u5168\u54e1\u306b\u81ea\u5206\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u8acb\u9858\u66f8\u3078\u306e\u7f72\u540d\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3001\u7f72\u540d\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u305f\u8005\u306b\u306f\u89e3\u96c7\u3092\u8105\u3057\u305f\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3002[58] 8\u67088\u65e5\u3001\u8b66\u5bdf\u306f\u5143\u7406\u4e8b\u305f\u3061\u3092\u30d6\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u672c\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u306b\u9000\u53bb\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002[59] 1918\u5e741\u67085\u65e5\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u518d\u3073\u4f1a\u9577\u8077\u306b\u5fa9\u5e30\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1919\u5e74\u534a\u3070\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u7d047\u4eba\u306b1\u4eba\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u96e2\u8131\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057[60]\u3001The Stand Fast Movement\u3001Paul Johnson Movement\u3001Brooklyn \u306e Pastoral Bible Institute \u306a\u3069\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u305f\u3002[6]\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30b7\u30e5\u30cd\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u30011919\u5e74\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u6700\u59274\u5206\u306e3\u304c\u30011931\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u6559\u7fa9\u306e\u62d2\u7d76\u306b\u6297\u8b70\u3057\u3066\u904b\u52d5\u3092\u53bb\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002[4][61] \u5f7c\u306f\u300eThe Watch Tower\u300f1927\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\u53f7\uff08355\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\uff09\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u306f\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u3001\u5143\u6765\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u300c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u300d\u304c\u3059\u3067\u306b\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u304b\u30891928\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u6d41\u5165\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002[62][63][64]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e00\u822c\u5e02\u6c11\u304c\u6df7\u4e71\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30011931\u5e747\u670826\u65e5\u3001\u30aa\u30cf\u30a4\u30aa\u5dde\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30d0\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u5927\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300cJehovah\u2019s witnesses\uff08\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u79f0\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3002[65][66] 1993\u5e74\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u540d\u79f0\u5909\u66f4\u306f\u300c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u3092\u540d\u4e57\u308b\u5b97\u6559\u5236\u5ea6\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002[67]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-7\"><strong>\u63d0\u643a\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u30ba\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u300cAssociated Bible Students\uff08\u63d0\u643a\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u300d\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u306f\u3001Independent Bible Students\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u3001Stand Fast Bible Students\uff08\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a1\u30b9\u30c8\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073Dawn Bible Students\uff08\u30c9\u30fc\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5404\u4f1a\u8846\u306f\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u3068\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u63a5\u89e6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306f\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u4ea4\u6d41\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30c9\u30fc\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u305f\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u5927\u306e\u52e2\u529b\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[68]\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u7d9a\u304f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-8\"><strong>\u7267\u4f1a\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Pastoral Bible Institute\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1918\u5e74\u3001\u5143\u7406\u4e8b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5927\u4f1a\u3092\u958b\u50ac\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6570\u304b\u6708\u5f8c\u306e\u7b2c2\u56de\u5927\u4f1a\u3067\u3001\u975e\u516c\u5f0f\u306a Pastoral Bible Institute\uff08\u7267\u4f1a\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff09\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u30d5\u30fbE\u30fb\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u7de8\u96c6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u300eThe Herald of Christ\u2019s Kingdom\u300f\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7de8\u96c6\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u7e2e\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3053\u306e\u96d1\u8a8c\u306e\u767a\u884c\u3092\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a[69]\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e6\u5dfb\u69cb\u6210\u300eStudies in the Scriptures\uff08\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u300f\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u6587\u732e\u3082\u518d\u7248\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[68]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-9\"><strong>\u30d9\u30ec\u30a2\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Berean Bible Institute\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306e Berean Bible Institute\uff08BBI\uff09\u306f\u30011918\u5e74\u306b\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u305f\u3002\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u306f\u300eThe Voice\u300f\u3092\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u300ePeople\u2019s Paper\u300f\u8a8c\u3092\u767a\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u306f\u3001BBI\u304c\u5e83\u3081\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u985e\u4f3c\u3057\u305f\u4fe1\u6761\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u300c\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u516c\u5f0f\u306a\u63d0\u643a\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30d3\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\u5dde\u30a2\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30b7\u30fc\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30af\u30a4\u30fc\u30f3\u30ba\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u5dde\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30fb\u30d8\u30c3\u30c9\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6bce\u5e742\u56de\u5927\u4f1a\u304c\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u516c\u5f0f\u306a\u4fe1\u6761\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u305b\u305a\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u8056\u66f8\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5404\u81ea\u3067\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4ea4\u308f\u308a\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u63f4\u3068\u52b1\u307e\u3057\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6570\u306f\u7d04100\u4eba\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[70]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-10\"><strong>\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a1\u30b9\u30c8\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1918\u5e7412\u6708\u3001\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fbE\u30fb\u30cf\u30fc\u30c9\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u6226\u6642\u56fd\u50b5\u8cfc\u5165\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u7121\u95a2\u5fc3\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u5e73\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6559\u3048\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u3082\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3057\u305f\u3002[71][72] \u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u30aa\u30ec\u30b4\u30f3\u5dde\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b Stand Fast Bible Students Association\uff08\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a1\u30b9\u30c8\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\uff09\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u540d\u79f0\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u304c\u652f\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u6226\u4e89\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u539f\u5247\u306b\u300c\u5805\u304f\u7acb\u3064\uff08stand fast\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6c7a\u610f\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f1a\u54e1\u6570\u306f\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306f\u89e3\u6563\u3057\u305f\u30021923\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fbA\u30fb\u30cf\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u304a\u3088\u3073C\u30fbD\u30fb\u30de\u30af\u30ec\u30a4\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001Elijah Voice Society\uff08\u30a8\u30ea\u30e4\u30fb\u30f4\u30a9\u30a4\u30b9\u5354\u4f1a\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5206\u6d3e\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u7279\u306b\u8aac\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u3068\u5e73\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d3b\u52d5\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[citation needed]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-11\"><strong>\u30c9\u30fc\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b: Dawn Bible Students Association<br>\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee: Frank and Ernest (broadcast)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1928\u5e74\u3001\u30af\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u30f3\u30fbJ\u30fb\u30a6\u30c3\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u5f93\u5144\u5f1f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30ce\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30fb\u30a6\u30c3\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u30e9\u30b8\u30aa\u5ba3\u6559\u90e8\u9580\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u5354\u4f1a\u3092\u96e2\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30a6\u30c3\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u300eFrank and Ernest\u300f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u72ec\u7acb\u7cfb\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u30e9\u30b8\u30aa\u756a\u7d44\u3092\u5275\u8a2d\u3057\u305f\u3002[73] \u8cc7\u91d1\u306f\u30d6\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u3001\u653e\u9001\u306f1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1929\u5e74\u3001\u3053\u306e\u653e\u9001\u5c40\u306f\u3001\u30d4\u30c3\u30c4\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u65e7 Bible House \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u300c\u7b2c1\u56de\u5e74\u6b21\u518d\u4f1a\u5927\u4f1a\u300d\u3092\u5f8c\u63f4\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1931\u5e74\u3001\u30a6\u30c3\u30c9\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u3089\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u304c1927\u5e74\u306b\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u5370\u5237\u3092\u505c\u6b62\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300eStudies in the Scriptures\uff08\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u300f\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u3092\u518d\u958b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001Dawn Bible Students Association\uff08\u30c9\u30fc\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\uff09\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30c9\u30fc\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u300eThe Bible Students Radio Echo\u300f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5c0f\u518a\u5b50\u3092\u767a\u884c\u3057\u3001\u30e9\u30b8\u30aa\u756a\u7d44\u3078\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u306b\u5fdc\u3048\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5c0f\u518a\u5b50\u306f\u3084\u304c\u306616\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u96d1\u8a8c\u3078\u3068\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u3001\u300eThe Dawn\u2014A Herald of Christ\u2019s Presence\u300f\u3068\u6539\u540d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u3053\u306e\u96d1\u8a8c\u3092\u767a\u884c\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30e9\u30b8\u30aa\u3001\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30e9\u30b8\u30aa\u756a\u7d44\u3082\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[73]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-12\"><strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff08Independent Bible Students\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>icon<br>\u3053\u306e\u7bc0\u306b\u306f\u51fa\u5178\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u51fa\u5178\u3078\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7bc0\u3092\u6539\u5584\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u51fa\u5178\u306e\u306a\u3044\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u7570\u8b70\u3092\u7533\u3057\u7acb\u3066\u3089\u308c\u3001\u9664\u53bb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff082009\u5e746\u6708\uff09<br>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u9664\u53bb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u6642\u671f\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u904e\u53bb35\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001Dawn Bible Students Association\uff08\u30c9\u30fc\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\uff09\u3092\u3081\u3050\u3063\u3066\u8ad6\u4e89\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u30fb\u7de8\u96c6\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304c\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3092\u758e\u5916\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[citation needed]\n\n\n\n<p>1974\u5e74\u3001\u30b3\u30ed\u30e9\u30c9\u5dde\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c8\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u5927\u4f1a\u306b\u96c6\u307e\u3063\u305f\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u4e00\u56e3\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30fc\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u306e\u970a\u7684\u4ea4\u308f\u308a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8ca1\u653f\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u505c\u6b62\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u300cIndependent Bible Students\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u5206\u88c2\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u53cb\u3092\u6392\u9664\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3059\u308b\u610f\u56f3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30c9\u30fc\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u3078\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u505c\u6b62\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5927\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u300c\u771f\u7406\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7acb\u3064\uff08stand for the truth\uff09\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[citation needed] \u8fd1\u5e74\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u518d\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8a66\u307f\u3082\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[citation needed]\n\n\n\n<p>Independent Bible Students \u306f\u3001\u6559\u7fa9\u3092\u6271\u308f\u306a\u3044\u96d1\u8a8c\u300eThe Bible Students Newsletter\u300f\u3092\u767a\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[citation needed]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-13\"><strong>\u81ea\u7531\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff08Free Bible Students\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5a\/Der_Pilgrim.jpg\/500px-Der_Pilgrim.jpg\" alt=\"\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u300eDer Pilgrim\u300f\u5275\u520a\u53f7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b: Free Bible Students<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea\u7531\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306f\u30011909\u5e74\u306b\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3078\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u305f\u3002[74] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fbT\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u304c\u652f\u6301\u3057\u305f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4fe1\u6761\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u306f\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u6570\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u4fe1\u6761\u306f\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u6559\u3048\u304b\u3089\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3002[75][76]\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-14\"><strong>\u65b0\u5951\u7d04\u4fe1\u5f92\uff08New Covenant Believers\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1909\u5e74\u3001\u5de1\u56de\u9577\u8001\uff08\u300cpilgrim\u300d\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u30b7\u30ab\u30b4\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30de\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30fbL\u30fb\u30de\u30af\u30d5\u30a7\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30ec\u30df\u30e4\u66f8\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5951\u7d04\uff08New Covenant\uff09\u300d\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3068\u6642\u671f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u8ad6\u4e89\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u969b\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30de\u30af\u30d5\u30a7\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5e74\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u3067 New Covenant Bible Students\uff08\u65b0\u5951\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u3092\u7387\u3044\u3001New Covenant Believers\uff08\u65b0\u5951\u7d04\u4fe1\u5f92\uff09\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u9593\u3067\u306f\u975e\u516c\u5f0f\u306b\u300cFree Bible Students\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3001\u300eThe Kingdom Scribe\u300f\u8a8c\u30921975\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u767a\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3002[77] \u3053\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u30ed\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30c9\u306e Berean Bible Students Church\uff08\u30d9\u30ec\u30a2\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6559\u4f1a\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[78]\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-15\"><strong>Christian Discipling Ministries International<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1928\u5e74\u3001\u30b3\u30cd\u30c1\u30ab\u30c3\u30c8\u5dde\u30cf\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u7cfb\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a[clarification needed] \u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u652f\u6301\u3092\u64a4\u56de\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u540d\u79f0\u3092 Millennial Bible Students Church\uff08\u5343\u5e74\u671f\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6559\u4f1a\uff09\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f Christian Millennial Fellowship \u3068\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c Christian Discipling Ministries International \u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u306e\u591a\u304f\u3092\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9000\u3051\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u3053\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306f\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u5dde\u306b\u62e0\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u304d\u3001\u300cFree Bible Students\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30021940\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u300eThe New Creation\u300f\u8a8c\u3092\u767a\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[77]\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-16\"><strong>\u81ea\u7531\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\uff08Free Bible Students Association\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1928\u5e74\u3001\u5143\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u652f\u90e8\u9577\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30b3\u30f3\u30e9\u30fc\u30c8\u30fbC\u30fb\u30d3\u30f3\u30b1\u30ec\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\u3001\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 Free Bible Students Association\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\uff09\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u30011931\u5e74\u304b\u30891934\u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u300eDer Pilgrim\u300f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b97\u6559\u96d1\u8a8c\u3092\u767a\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u4e2d\u306b\u8feb\u5bb3\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u3002\u6226\u5f8c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u540d\u8a89\u56de\u5fa9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u518d\u3073\u51fa\u7248\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[79]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-17\"><strong>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b: Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u305f\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30011931\u5e74\u306b\u300cJehovah\u2019s witnesses\uff08\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u3053\u306e\u6559\u6d3e\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u7ba1\u7406\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4fe1\u6761\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7d44\u7e54\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u6559\u3048\u304b\u3089\u304b\u306a\u308a\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[80]\n\n\n\n<p>1955\u5e74\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u4f1a\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u5354\u4f1a\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u65ad\u3063\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30bf\u30a424:48\u201351\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u300c\u60aa\u3044\u5974\u96b7\uff08evil slave\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3002[81]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306f2013\u5e74\u3001\u3053\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u653e\u68c4\u3057\u3001\u300c\u60aa\u3044\u5974\u96b7\u300d\u3092\u300c\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306a\u5974\u96b7\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4eee\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u8b66\u544a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u305f\u3002[82]\n\n\n\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff08Bible Students\uff09\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u6559\u6d3e\u306e\u65e7\u79f0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u307f\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002[83][84]\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u6570\u3092\u7d04900\u4e07\u4eba\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6b7b\u306e\u8a18\u5ff5\u5f0f\u3078\u306e\u51fa\u5e2d\u8005\u6570\u3092\u7d042050\u4e07\u4eba\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[85]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-18\"><strong>\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bb6\u5ead\u5ba3\u6559\u904b\u52d5\uff08Laymen\u2019s Home Missionary Movement\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b: Laymen\u2019s Home Missionary Movement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30eb\u30fbS\u30fbL\u30fb\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u306f\u30011919\u5e74\u306b Laymen\u2019s Home Missionary Movement\uff08\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bb6\u5ead\u5ba3\u6559\u904b\u52d5\uff09\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30021950\u5e74\u306e\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u795e\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u6559\u5e2b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u3081\u3050\u3063\u3066\u5185\u90e8\u5bfe\u7acb\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001Epiphany Bible Students Association\uff08\u9855\u73fe\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5354\u4f1a\uff09\u3084 Laodicean Home Missionary Movement\uff08\u30e9\u30aa\u30c7\u30ad\u30e4\u5bb6\u5ead\u5ba3\u6559\u904b\u52d5\uff09\u306a\u3069\u306e\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u5206\u6d3e\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u970a\u7684\u5f8c\u7d99\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u795e\u306b\u4efb\u547d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u9ed9\u793a\u93327\u7ae0\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b14\u4e074000\u4eba\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92\u306e\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306a\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5929\u7684\u306a\u4e0d\u6b7b\u306e\u5831\u3044\u3078\u306e\u5e0c\u671b\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u306b\u7d42\u4e86\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f7c\u306e\u5354\u529b\u8005\u3067\u5f8c\u7d99\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30ec\u30a4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30b8\u30e7\u30ea\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u81ea\u5206\u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u540c\u3058\u304f\u9ed9\u793a\u93327\u7ae0\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5927\u7fa4\u8846\uff08great multitude\uff09\u300d\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u305f\u3002\u30b8\u30e7\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u3001\u6b8b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4ea4\u308f\u308a\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306f\u795e\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5730\u4e0a\u3067\u751f\u304d\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3042\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\uff08modern worthies\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u53e4\u4ee3\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3042\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\uff08ancient worthies\uff09\u300d\u2015\u2015\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u795e\u304c\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3055\u305b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u3067\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u6559\u3048\u308b\u53e4\u4ee3\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u9810\u8a00\u8005\u305f\u3061\u2015\u2015\u306e\u4ef2\u9593\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[citation needed]\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-19\"><strong>\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-20\"><strong>Friends of Man<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b: Friends of Man<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1898\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u652f\u90e8\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30fbF\u30fbL\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30a4\u30bf\u30fc\u30af\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u610f\u898b\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u3092\u62b1\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f1917\u5e74\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u5370\u5237\u8a2d\u5099\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u30011919\u5e74\u306b\u30e9\u30b6\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u8ffd\u653e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1920\u5e74\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30a4\u30bf\u30fc\u30af\u306f Angel of Jehovah Bible and Tract Society\uff08\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u5fa1\u4f7f\u3044\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\uff09\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u56e3\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u300cPhilanthropic Assembly of the Friends of Man\uff08\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u53cb\u6148\u5584\u96c6\u4f1a\uff09\u300d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300cThe Church of the Kingdom of God\uff08\u795e\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u6708\u520a\u8a8c\u300eThe Monitor of the Reign of Justice\u300f\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9031\u520a\u8a8c\u300ePaper for All\u300f\u306e2\u8a8c\u3092\u767a\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3002[86]\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-21\"><strong>Kitawala<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1907\u5e74\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30d6\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u30ba\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3092\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u73fe\u5730\u8aac\u6559\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u76e3\u7763\u306a\u3057\u306b\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u6587\u732e\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u300cWatch Tower Movements\uff08\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u904b\u52d5\uff09\u300d\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[87]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u30011920\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f Kitawala \u904b\u52d5\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002[88][89] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u96c6\u4f1a\u6240\u306b\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u300cWatch Tower\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u63b2\u3052\u3066\u3044\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3068\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30021930\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u6559\u56e3\u306b\u52a0\u308f\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u305f\u3002[90]\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306f\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30f3\u30b8[91]\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30b4\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u56fd[92][93]\u3001\u30bf\u30f3\u30b6\u30cb\u30a2[94] \u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u300c\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30b4\u30e9[95]\u3001\u30de\u30e9\u30a6\u30a4[96]\u3001\u30e2\u30b6\u30f3\u30d3\u30fc\u30af[97] \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Notes\">Notes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;Rogerson notes that it is not clear exactly how many Bible Students left, but quotes Rutherford (<em>Jehovah<\/em>, 1934, page 277) as saying &#8220;only a few&#8221; who left other religions were then &#8220;in God&#8217;s organisation&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8216;Witnesses&#8217; was not capitalised until the 1970s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Barbour had originally predicted a visible return of Christ for 1873, but when that failed to eventuate, he concluded that Christ had returned invisibly in 1874 based on a reference in Benjamin Wilson&#8217;s&nbsp;<em>Emphatic Diaglott<\/em>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#cite_note-16\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Russell explains how he accepted the idea of an invisible return of Christ in 1874 from N.H. Barbour<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#cite_note-19\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Though the book bore the names of both men as authors, James Penton (<em>Apocalypse Delayed<\/em>) points out that in early issues of the&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower<\/em>, Russell repeatedly referred to Barbour as its author. In the July 15, 1906,&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower<\/em>&nbsp;Russell said it was &#8220;mostly written by Mr Barbour&#8221;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#cite_note-21\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Online copies of the&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower<\/em>&nbsp;from 1879\u20131916 can be viewed by issue at&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/\">Most holy faith<\/a>&nbsp;or by article at&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.agsconsulting.com\/htdbv5\/links.htm\">AGS Consulting&nbsp;<\/a>. These are taken from the 7 volume&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower Reprints<\/em>&nbsp;published by the Watch Tower Society in 1920 which reprinted all the issues from 1879\u20131919.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;The titles of the six volumes are: 1)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/studiesinthescri003257mbp\"><em>The Divine Plan of the Ages<\/em><\/a>, 2)<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/studiesinthescri00unknuoft\"><em>The Time is At Hand<\/em><\/a>, 3)<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/studiesinthescri03unknuoft\"><em>Thy Kingdom Come<\/em><\/a>, 4)<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblestudents.net\/studies\/sits\/volume4.pdf\"><em>The Battle of Armageddon<\/em><\/a>, 5)<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/studiesinthescri011970mbp\"><em>The At-one-ment Between God and Man<\/em><\/a>, 6)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060501085845\/http:\/\/www.biblestudents.net\/studies\/sits\/volume6.pdf\"><em>The New Creation<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;(study), vol.&nbsp;6, Bible Students, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblestudents.net\/studies\/sits\/volume6.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 2006-05-01.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Russell directed that an unrepentant person be judged by the entire ecclesia, rather than the elders. He directed that the ecclesia not make the wrongdoer&#8217;s faults public.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#cite_note-44\">[37]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;Crompton, Robert (1996).&nbsp;<em>Counting the Days to Armageddon<\/em>. Cambridge: James Clarke &amp; Co. p.&nbsp;12.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-227-67939-3\"><bdi>0-227-67939-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;43\u201362.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;52.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Schnell, William J (1956),&nbsp;<em>Thirty Years a Watchtower Slave<\/em>, Grand Rapids: Baker, pp.&nbsp;141\u2013142,&nbsp;<q>In order to cover up the inaccuracy of this assumption, as is evidenced by the subsequent need for purging 75 percent of all Bible Students between the years 1919 to 1931 for failure to come around to Watchtower leadership, a scapegoat had to be found.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>The Watch Tower<\/em>&nbsp;November 15, 1930 p. 342 col 1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;39.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demographics_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses\">Demographics of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Present Truth<\/em>&nbsp;February, 2006 pp 9\u201313.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Blankman, Drew; Augustine, Todd, eds. (2004),&nbsp;<em>Pocket Dictionary of North American Denominations<\/em>, p.&nbsp;79,&nbsp;<q>A smaller group rejected Rutherford&#8217;s leadership and became the Dawn Bible Student&#8217;s Association and in the late 1980s had a membership of about 60000.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFWatchtower1993\">Watchtower 1993<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;43.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jonas_Wendell\">Wendell, Jonas<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070927010725\/http:\/\/www.pastor-russell.com\/misc\/ptmds.pdf\"><em>The Present Truth or Meat in Due Season<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;(treatise), Pastor Russell, pp.&nbsp;35\u201336, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pastor-russell.com\/misc\/ptmds.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 2007-09-27, retrieved&nbsp;2009-08-23&nbsp;pointed to 1873 for the time of Christ&#8217;s visible return.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;13\u201346.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower<\/em>, 1906, as cited by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;17.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Barbour, Nelson H (1871),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060707185103\/http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/olb\/contents\/history\/barbour%20midnight%20cry.htm\"><em>Evidences for the Coming of the Lord in 1873: or the Midnight Cry<\/em><\/a>, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/olb\/contents\/history\/barbour%20midnight%20cry.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on July 7, 2006, retrieved&nbsp;February 20,&nbsp;2006.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090714102029\/http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/olb\/contents\/history\/barbour%20herald%20of%20the%20morning.htm\">&#8220;Our Faith&#8221;<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>The Midnight Cry and Herald of the Morning<\/em>, March 1874, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/olb\/contents\/history\/barbour%20herald%20of%20the%20morning.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2009-07-14.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180529092324\/http:\/\/www.agsconsulting.com\/htdbv5\/r3820.htm\">&#8220;Harvest Gatherings and Siftings&#8221;<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower<\/em>&nbsp;(Reprints), AGS Consulting, p.&nbsp;3822, July 15, 1906, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.agsconsulting.com\/htdbv5\/r3820.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on May 29, 2018, retrieved&nbsp;August 23,&nbsp;2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090724030213\/http:\/\/www.jehovahswitnesstruth.com\/emphatic%20diaglott.htm\">&#8220;Emphatic Diaglott&#8221;<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower<\/em>&nbsp;(reprint), Jehovah\u2019s Witness truth, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jehovahswitnesstruth.com\/emphatic%20diaglott.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2009-07-24.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Barbour, NH; Russell, Charles T (1877),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060320020952\/http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/olb\/contents\/history\/3worlds.pdf\">&#8220;Three Worlds and The Harvest of This World&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF),&nbsp;<em>Herald<\/em>&nbsp;(magazine), archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/olb\/contents\/history\/3worlds.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on March 20, 2006, retrieved&nbsp;March 15,&nbsp;2006.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;13\u201346<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Three Worlds<\/em>, pp. 184\u201385.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;The &#8216;Time of the End,&#8217; a period of one hundred and fifteen (115) years, from A.D. 1799 to A.D. 1914, is particularly marked in the Scriptures.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Thy Kingdom Come<\/em>, 1890, p. 23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFWatchtower1993\">Watchtower 1993<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;631\u201332.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Thy Kingdom Come<\/em>&nbsp;(1890), Volume 3 of&nbsp;<em>Studies in the Scriptures<\/em>, pp. 305\u20138.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;This spuing out, or casting off, of the nominal church as an organization in 1878, we then understood, and still proclaim, to be the date of the commencement of Babylon&#8217;s fall&#8230;&#8221;\u2014<a href=\"http:\/\/www.agsconsulting.com\/htdbv5\/r473.htm\">&#8220;The Consummation of Our Hope&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061004141449\/http:\/\/www.agsconsulting.com\/htdbv5\/r473.htm\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2006-10-04 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<em>Zion&#8217;s Watch Tower<\/em>, April 1883.&nbsp;<em>Reprints<\/em>&nbsp;pp. 474\u20135.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Search_Result.asp#R241:16\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111002090150\/http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Search_Result.asp#R241:16\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2011-10-02 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>&nbsp;<em>The Watch Tower<\/em>, July 1881, &#8220;Future Work and Glory&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.agsconsulting.com\/htdbv5\/r1354.htm\">&#8220;Things to Come\u2014And The Present European Situation&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081211143515\/http:\/\/www.agsconsulting.com\/htdbv5\/r1354.htm\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2008-12-11 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>The Watch Tower<\/em>, January 15, 1892,&nbsp;<em>Reprints<\/em>, p. 1355<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Russell explained his side of the break with Barbour in the&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Z1879JUL.asp\">first issue of the&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190331003815\/http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Z1879JUL.asp\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2019-03-31 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Modern History of Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>Watchtower<\/em>, January 15, 1955, page 14.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFRogerson1969\">Rogerson 1969<\/a>, p.&nbsp;12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Holden, A. (2002)&nbsp;<em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses: Portrait of a Contemporary Religious Movement.<\/em>&nbsp;(p. 18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPierson_et_al1917\">Pierson et al 1917<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Yearbook 1975<\/em>, Watch Tower Society, 1975.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Woodsworth, James S. (1909).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/strangerswithino00wooduoft\/page\/16\/mode\/1up?q=Millennial+Dawnists\"><em>Strangers Within Our Gates; or Coming Canadians<\/em><\/a>. Canada: The Missionary Society of the Methodist Church. p.&nbsp;16.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFFranz2007\">Franz 2007<\/a>, chapter 4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140315014423\/http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Z1884FEB.asp\"><em>Watch Tower<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(reprint), Most holy faith, February 1984, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Z1884FEB.asp\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2014-03-15, retrieved&nbsp;2009-08-23&nbsp;and cited by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFFranz2007\">Franz 2007<\/a>, chapter 4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Jones, Leslie W (1917),&nbsp;<em>What Pastor Russell Said<\/em>, p.&nbsp;346, as cited by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;31, &#8220;The Lord&#8217;s word does not authorize any court of Elders, or anyone else, to become busybodies. This would be going back to the practices of the Dark Ages during the Inquisition and we would be showing the same spirit as did the inquisitors.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Russell, Charles T (1904),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090914115038\/http:\/\/www.strictlygenteel.co.uk\/newcreation\/ncstudy6.html\"><em>The New Creation<\/em><\/a>, Watch Tower Bible &amp; Tract Society, pp.&nbsp;289\u201390, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.strictlygenteel.co.uk\/newcreation\/ncstudy6.html\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2009-09-14, retrieved&nbsp;2009-09-01.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, p.&nbsp;31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses in the Divine Purpose<\/em>, Watch Tower Bible &amp; Tract Society, 1959, page 32.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;The First One a Hundred Years Ago&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>Awake<\/em>, December 22, 2000.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Organized Testimony to the New World&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>Watchtower<\/em>, July 15, 1950, page 215.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Slides and film from the Photo-Drama can be viewed online at&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.agsconsulting.com\/pdoc\/menu.htm\">AGS Consulting<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090816161959\/http:\/\/www.agsconsulting.com\/pdoc\/menu.htm\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2009-08-16 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>; the book is available online at&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/olb\/contents\/russell\/Drama.pdf\">Herald<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090305055218\/http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/olb\/contents\/russell\/Drama.pdf\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;2009-03-05 at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0162536\/trivia\">&#8220;Trivia&#8221;<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>Photo-Drama of Creation (1914)<\/em>&nbsp;(article), IMDb, retrieved&nbsp;2009-04-15<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;American Movie Classics,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.filmsite.org\/milestones1910s_2.html\">&#8220;Timeline of Influential Milestones&#8230; 1910s&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100110133622\/http:\/\/www.filmsite.org\/milestones1910s_2.html\">Archived<\/a>&nbsp;January 10, 2010, at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, Retrieved 2009-04-15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Russell, Charles T. (April 1, 1910).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/WatchtowerLibrary\/magazines\/w\/w1910_E.pdf#page=56\">&#8220;International Bible Students Association&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF).&nbsp;<em>The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ&#8217;s Presence<\/em>. p.&nbsp;56.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131102081118\/http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Z1880MAR.asp\">&#8220;&#8221;The Three Great Covenants&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>Zion&#8217;s Watch Tower<\/em>, March 1880&#8243;<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Z1880MAR.asp\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2013-11-02. Retrieved&nbsp;2009-08-23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100615133421\/http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Z1887SEP.asp\">&#8220;New Covenant vs the Law Covenant&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>Zion&#8217;s Watch Tower<\/em>, September 1887&#8243;<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Z1887SEP.asp\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2010-06-15. Retrieved&nbsp;2009-08-23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFWills2006\">Wills 2006<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;63\u201368.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100617084856\/http:\/\/russell.heim.at\/Z1907JAN.asp\">&#8220;&#8221;The Mediator of the New Covernant&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>Zion&#8217;s Watch Tower<\/em>, January 1, 1907, pages 9, 10&#8243;<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/russell.heim.at\/Z1907JAN.asp\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on June 17, 2010. Retrieved&nbsp;September 8,&nbsp;2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140315011625\/http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Z1909JAN.asp\">&#8220;&#8221;The Word Mediator Used Differently&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower<\/em>, January 1909&#8243;<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mostholyfaith.com\/bible\/Reprints\/Z1909JAN.asp\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2014-03-15. Retrieved&nbsp;2009-08-23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPenton1997\">Penton 1997<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;42.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>The Finished Mystery<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p.&nbsp;Preface, p. 5.&nbsp;<q>This book may properly be said to be a posthumous publication of Pastor Russell.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPierson_et_al1917\">Pierson et al 1917<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;5, 6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPierson_et_al1917\">Pierson et al 1917<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFRutherford1917a\">Rutherford 1917a<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFRutherford1917a\">Rutherford 1917a<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;22\u201323.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFRutherford1917a\">Rutherford 1917a<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;14, 15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFPierson_et_al1917\">Pierson et al 1917<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFWatchtower1993\">Watchtower 1993<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;68<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFWatchtower1975\">Watchtower 1975<\/a>, pp.&nbsp;93\u201394.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement#CITEREFWills2006\">Wills 2006<\/a>, p.&nbsp;167.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Your Will be Done on Earth<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p.&nbsp;337.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses in the Divine Purpose<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p.&nbsp;311.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1955444#h=4\">&#8220;Part 12\u2014An Era of Prophesied Happiness Begins&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. June 15, 1955. pp.&nbsp;365\u2013366.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Rogerson, Alan (1969).&nbsp;<em>Millions Now Living Will Never Die: A Study of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. London: Constable. pp.&nbsp;55\u201356.&nbsp;<q>In 1931 came an important milestone in the history of the organisation. For many years Rutherford&#8217;s followers had been called a variety of names: &#8216;International Bible Students&#8217;, &#8216;Russellites&#8217;, or &#8216;Millennial Dawners&#8217;. In order to distinguish clearly his followers from the other groups who had separated in 1918 Rutherford proposed that they adopt an entirely new name\u2014<em>Jehovah&#8217;s witnesses<\/em>.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;A New Name&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The Watch Tower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 1931. p.&nbsp;291.&nbsp;<q>Since the death of Charles T. Russell there have arisen numerous companies formed out of those who once walked with him, each of these companies claiming to teach the truth, and each calling themselves by some name, such as &#8220;Followers of Pastor Russell&#8221;, &#8220;those who stand by the truth as expounded by Pastor Russell&#8221;, &#8220;Associated Bible Students&#8221;, and some by the names of their local leaders. All of this tends to confusion and hinders those of good will who are not better informed from obtaining a knowledge of the truth.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1101993013#h=15\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses\u2014Proclaimers of God&#8217;s Kingdom<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. pp.&nbsp;150\u2013151.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140221200558\/http:\/\/www.biblestudents.net\/history\/daughters_tower.htm\">&#8220;Bible Student Ministries -Daughters of the Tower: Tracing the Bible Students Since 1917&#8221;<\/a>. 21 February 2014. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblestudents.net\/history\/daughters_tower.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 21 February 2014. Retrieved&nbsp;21 December&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070925043728\/http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/\"><em>Herald<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(magazine), archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2007-09-25.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120914030937\/http:\/\/www.biblestudents.net\/history\/australia.htm\">&#8220;Bible Student Ministries &#8211; Bible Students History: Bible Students in Australia&#8221;<\/a>. 14 September 2012. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblestudents.net\/history\/australia.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 14 September 2012. Retrieved&nbsp;21 December&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;Could Not Talk of Loan&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>, April 29, 1918,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/timesmachine.nytimes.com\/timesmachine\/1918\/04\/29\/102697566.pdf\">As Retrieved 2010-03-02<\/a>, &#8220;Rutherford, the President, sa[id] that the buying of bonds was not a religious question, and that the [IBSA] association did not oppose the purchase of Liberty bonds by the members&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower<\/em>, March 1, 1919:&#8221;&#8216;The International Bible Students\u2019 Association is not against the Liberty Loan.; in&nbsp;<em>Watch Tower<\/em>, June 1, 1919 Rutherford indicated regret about making any comment on the matter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240204233504\/http:\/\/www.dawnbible.com\/dawn.htm\">&#8220;The DAWN, Its Ministry&#8221;<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dawnbible.com\/dawn.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 4 February 2024. Retrieved&nbsp;21 December&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>A People For His Name<\/em>, Tony Wills, Lulu Enterprises, 2006, ISBN 978-1-4303-0100-4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Handbuch der christlichen Lehre<\/em>, Kapitel 3:&nbsp;<em>Die Entstehung der Freien Bibelforscher.<\/em>&nbsp;Bibelstudien-Vereinigung, 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;M. James Penton:&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed \u2013 The Story of Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses.<\/em>&nbsp;University of Toronto Press, 1997, ISBN 0-8020-7973-3, S.&nbsp;42.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090803103854\/http:\/\/www.cmfellowship.org\/docs\/faq.htm\">&#8220;<em>Who are the Free Bible Students and what is their history?<\/em>&#8220;<\/a>. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmfellowship.org\/docs\/faq.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 3 August 2009. Retrieved&nbsp;21 December&nbsp;2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbschurch.org\/\"><em>Welcome to Berean Bible Students Church<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Handbuch der christlichen Lehre<\/em>, Kapitel 1:&nbsp;<em>Die Entstehung der Freien Bibelforscher.<\/em>&nbsp;Bibelstudien-Vereinigung, 2010 S. 23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Whalen, William J. (1962).&nbsp;<em>Armageddon Around the Corner: A Report on Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. New York: John Day Company. pp.&nbsp;207\u2013209.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>, April 1, 1955, &#8220;Part 7\u2014New Administration Amid World War I&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/publications\/magazines\/w20130715\/who-is-faithful-discreet-slave\/\">&#8220;Who Really Is the Faithful and Discreet Slave?&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. July 15, 2013. p.&nbsp;24.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;&#8220;The Great Crowd of Other Sheep Praise God and Christ&#8221;.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. January 2021. p.&nbsp;14.&nbsp;<q>His parents were Bible Students, as Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses were known at the time.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>Pure Worship of Jehovah\u2014Restored at Last<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p.&nbsp;103.&nbsp;<q>The period of 1914 to early 1919 was a difficult time of tests and refinement for the Bible Students, as Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses were then known.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/library\/books\/2025-Service-Year-Report-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses-Worldwide\/2025-Grand-Totals\/\">&#8220;2025 Grand Totals&#8221;<\/a>. Watch Tower Society.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Rodriguez, Rolando.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110716051854\/http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/2004_history\/04history_7.htm\">&#8220;Recent Bible Student History&#8221;<\/a>. The Herald of Christ&#8217;s Kingdom. Archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heraldmag.org\/2004_history\/04history_7.htm\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 16 July 2011. Retrieved&nbsp;July 2,&nbsp;2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301976004#h=16-34\"><em>1976 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 1975. pp.&nbsp;70\u201374.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/contentdm.umgc.edu\/digital\/collection\/p15434coll5\/id\/959\/\">&#8220;Watchtower to Kitawala: A case of religious synthesis&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<em>1966 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1965. pp.&nbsp;101\u2013103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1990086\">&#8220;I&#8217;ve Seen It Grow in Southern Africa&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. February 1, 1990. p.&nbsp;28.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301992016#h=235\"><em>1992 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 1991. p.&nbsp;121.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/302004008#h=5:165-15:399\"><em>2004 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 2003. pp.&nbsp;164\u2013167.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.country-data.com\/cgi-bin\/query\/r-15053.html\">&#8220;Zaire &#8211; Kitawala&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301992016#h=528:0-529:441\"><em>1992 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 1991. p.&nbsp;184.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1101993030#h=87:0-92:263\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses\u2014Proclaimers of God&#8217;s Kingdom<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 1993. pp.&nbsp;481\u2013482.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301999001#h=12:0-15:680\"><em>1999 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 1998. pp.&nbsp;151\u2013152.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/301996010#h=11:0-11:324\"><em>1996 Yearbook of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 1995. p.&nbsp;119.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Bibliography\">Bibliography<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Franz, Raymond (2007),&nbsp;<em>In Search of Christian Freedom<\/em>, Commentary Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Johnson, Paul SL (November 1, 1917),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110715053315\/http:\/\/www.pastor-russell.com\/legacy\/hsr.pdf\"><em>Harvest Siftings Reviewed<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF), Pastor Russell, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pastor-russell.com\/legacy\/hsr.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on July 15, 2011, retrieved&nbsp;July 21,&nbsp;2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Macmillan, AH (1957),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090907051808\/http:\/\/www.e-cepher.com\/books\/fotm\/\"><em>Faith on the March<\/em><\/a>, Prentice-Hall, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.e-cepher.com\/books\/fotm\/\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;on 2009-09-07<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Penton\">Penton, James M<\/a>&nbsp;(1997),&nbsp;<em>Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses<\/em>&nbsp;(2nd&nbsp;ed.),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Toronto_Press\">University of Toronto Press<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-8020-7973-3\"><bdi>0-8020-7973-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pierson, AN; et&nbsp;al. (September 1, 1917),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110715053229\/http:\/\/www.pastor-russell.com\/legacy\/lad.pdf\"><em>Light After Darkness<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF), Pastor Russell, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pastor-russell.com\/legacy\/lad.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on July 15, 2011, retrieved&nbsp;July 21,&nbsp;2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rogerson, Alan (1969),&nbsp;<em>Millions Now Living Will Never Die<\/em>, London: Constable,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-09-455940-0\"><bdi>978-0-09-455940-0<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rutherford, JF (August 1, 1917a),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110715051950\/http:\/\/www.pastor-russell.com\/legacy\/hs.pdf\">&#8220;Part I&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF),&nbsp;<em>Harvest Siftings<\/em>, Watch Tower Bible &amp; Tract Society, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pastor-russell.com\/legacy\/hs.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on July 15, 2011, retrieved&nbsp;July 19,&nbsp;2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rutherford, JF (October 1, 1917b),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110715052039\/http:\/\/www.pastor-russell.com\/legacy\/hs2.pdf\">&#8220;Part II&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF),&nbsp;<em>Harvest Siftings<\/em>, Watch Tower Bible &amp; Tract Society, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pastor-russell.com\/legacy\/hs2.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on July 15, 2011, retrieved&nbsp;July 19,&nbsp;2009.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wills, Tony (2006),&nbsp;<em>A People For His Name<\/em>, Lulu Enterprises,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4303-0100-4\"><bdi>978-1-4303-0100-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110713151740\/http:\/\/www.kingdomherald.com\/downloads\/1959_Jehovahs_Witnesses_in_the_Divine_Purpose.pdf\"><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses in the Divine Purpose<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF), Watch Tower Bible &amp; Tract Society, 1959, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kingdomherald.com\/downloads\/1959_Jehovahs_Witnesses_in_the_Divine_Purpose.pdf\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 2011-07-13<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Yearbook<\/em>, Watch Tower Bible &amp; Tract Society, 1975<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Jehovah&#8217;s Witnesses \u2013 Proclaimers of God&#8217;s Kingdom<\/em>, Watch Tower Bible &amp; Tract Society, 1993<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#e7e5e5\">\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001Wikipedia\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7ffb\u8a33\u30fb\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u3066\u63b2\u8f09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u539f\u6587\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible_Student_movement\">\u201cBible Student movement\u201d<\/a><br>\u539f\u8457\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aWikipedia contributors<br>\u30e9\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u30b9\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.ja?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248Wikipedia\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u201cBible Student movement\u201d \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6a5f\u68b0\u7ffb\u8a33\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9eWikipedia\u306e\u300c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u300d\u306f\u300c\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b &#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-1922","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"nothumb"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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