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\u6982\u8981<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u6559\u7fa9\u306e\u51fa\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u6587\u732e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5553\u660e\u306f\u3001\u7406\u6027\u3068\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u9069\u7528[19]\u3001\u8056\u970a\u306e\u5c0e\u304d\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5929\u4f7f\u305f\u3061\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6307\u793a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3068\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002[20] \u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b2c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3084\u3001\u795e\u306e\u970a\u611f\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[21] \u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u306e\u7d42\u672b\u8ad6\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u66f8\u7c4d\u306e\u8457\u8005\u30ed\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30af\u30ed\u30f3\u30d7\u30c8\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u6559\u7fa9\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u5909\u66f4\u304c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6587\u732e\u3067\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3069\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u304c\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u305b\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[22]\n\n\n\n

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\u7d44\u7e54<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee: \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u69cb\u9020<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5f7c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u8a8c\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u795e\u3078\u306e\u5fe0\u7bc0\u3068\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3078\u306e\u5fe0\u7bc0\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u66d6\u6627\u306b\u3057\u3001\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306b\u5fe0\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3068\u3082\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3002[41] \u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30fb\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u30c7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u3078\u306e\u5fe0\u7bc0\u3068\u904b\u52d5\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3078\u306e\uffe5\u7bc0\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a[42]\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306b\u3044\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u306b\u7570\u8b70\u3092\u5531\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u795e\u81ea\u8eab\u306b\u7570\u8b70\u3092\u5531\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[43]\n\n\n\n

\u5fa9\u8208\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee: \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/a>\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5fa9\u8208\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u539f\u59cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u300c\u5927\u80cc\u6559\u300d\u306b\u5165\u308a\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u672c\u6765\u306e\u6559\u3048\u304b\u3089\u9038\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300219\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u5fa9\u8208\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3001\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u30ba\u30fb\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u3068\u305d\u306e\u4ef2\u9593\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30011870\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30eb\u30d9\u30cb\u30a2\u5dde\u30a2\u30ec\u30b2\u30cb\u30fc\u3067\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3068\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u300c\u5049\u5927\u306a\u771f\u7406\u300d\u306e\u5fa9\u8208\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u81ea\u3089\u304c\u8003\u3048\u308b\u6559\u3048\u3092\u767a\u5c55\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002[44] \u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5927\u80cc\u6559\u300d\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u672c\u6765\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u300c\u5fa9\u8208\u300d[45]\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30bf\u30a413:24-30\u300136-43\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5c0f\u9ea6\u3068\u96d1\u8349\u306e\u305f\u3068\u3048\u306e\u6210\u5c31\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[46]\n\n\n\n

\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u7d42\u672b\u8ad6\u7684\u6559\u3048\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u9577\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u304c[47]\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u304c\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u771f\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002[48] \u9ed9\u793a\u933218:2-24\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u306f\u300c\u5927\u3044\u306a\u308b\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30f3\u300d\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306e\u652f\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u507d\u308a\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u5e1d\u56fd\u300d\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u6d3e\u3068\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u30a8\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30cb\u30ab\u30eb\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[49]\n\n\n\n

\u8056\u66f8<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u300e\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u8a33\u8056\u66f8\u300f\u3092\u597d\u3093\u3067\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee: \u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u8a33\u8056\u66f8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d7\u30ed\u30c6\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u6b63\u5178\u5168\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u970a\u611f\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u3001\u8aa4\u308a\u306e\u306a\u3044\u8a00\u8449\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[50] \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u3082\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3082\u6b63\u78ba\u3067\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a[51]\u3001\u305d\u306e\u591a\u304f\u3092\u5b57\u7fa9\u901a\u308a\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8c61\u5fb4\u8868\u73fe\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[52] \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4fe1\u6761\u3092\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304b\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[53]\n\n\n\n

\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u300cOld Testament\uff08\u65e7\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300cNew Testament\uff08\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u300cHebrew-Aramaic scriptures\uff08\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u30fb\u30a2\u30e9\u30e0\u8a9e\u8056\u66f8\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300cGreek-Christian scriptures\uff08\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u8056\u66f8\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300ctestament\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u300ccovenant\uff08\u5951\u7d04\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u3059\u65b9\u304c\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5951\u7d04\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306f\u4e8c\u3064\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u56db\u3064\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[54]\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u30fb\u30a2\u30e9\u30e0\u8a9e\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u306f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6210\u5c31\u3057\u305f\u9810\u8a00\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e00\u65b9[55]\u3001\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u8056\u66f8\uff08\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\uff09\u306e\u5404\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5929\u3067\u306e\u547d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f14\u4e074000\u4eba\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[56] \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u4e3b\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u7ffb\u8a33\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u300e\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u8a33\u8056\u66f8\u300f\u306f\u3001\u6b3d\u5b9a\u8a33\u8056\u66f8\u306a\u3069\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a33\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b God \u3084 LORD \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u540d\u3092 Jehovah \u3068\u8a33\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u795e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b: \u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e
\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee: Jehovah\u3001\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u5426\u8a8d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306f\u5275\u9020\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81f3\u9ad8\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[57] \u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u306e\u6559\u7406\u3092\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9000\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[58] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u795e\u3092\u3001\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u30fb\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u306f\u5225\u500b\u306e\u3001\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u970a\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7236\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[57] \u8056\u970a\u306f\u3001\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u683c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u300c\u6d3b\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u529b\u300d\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[59]\n\n\n\n

\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306f\u300c\u7121\u9650\u3067\u3042\u308a\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8fd1\u3065\u304d\u3084\u3059\u3044\u300d\u5b58\u5728\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u795e\u306f\u904d\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5929\u306b\u6240\u5728\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[60] \u307e\u305f\u3001\u4eba\u306f\u795e\u3068\u53cb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[61] \u795e\u306f\u89aa\u5207\u3067\u6190\u308c\u307f\u6df1\u304f\u3001\u90aa\u60aa\u306a\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u6c38\u9060\u306b\u8cac\u3081\u82e6\u306b\u906d\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[62] \u795e\u306f\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3092\u5c0a\u91cd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u4e3b\u6a29\u3092\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5f37\u5236\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u4eba\u985e\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6b69\u307f\u304c\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u5bb3\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u9032\u3080\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306b\u4ed5\u3048\u305f\u3044\u3068\u671b\u3080\u8005\u3060\u3051\u3092\u6551\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u9078\u3076\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[63]\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306f\u305d\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u540d\u2015\u2015\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u2015\u2015\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[57] \u3053\u306e\u540d\u306f\u3001\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u306e\u30c6\u30c8\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30de\u30c8\u30f3\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061YHWH\u3068\u97f3\u5199\u3055\u308c\u308b\u56db\u6587\u5b57\u540d\u306e\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u73fe\u4ee3\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u5316\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[57][64] \u795e\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u540d\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u771f\u306e\u5d07\u62dd\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a[65]\u3001\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001God \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u306e\u524d\u306b Jehovah \u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3002[57][66]\n\n\n\n

LORD\uff08\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e: Kyrios\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u79f0\u53f7\u306f\u3001\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u304c\u795e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a9e\u308b\u969b\u306b\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002[67] \u4ed6\u306e\u6559\u6d3e\u306f Jehovah \u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u3092\u305d\u308c\u307b\u3069\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u7528\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u540d\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[68]\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u795e\u306e\u300c\u72ec\u308a\u5b50\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u547d\u306f\u5929\u3067\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[69] \u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u795e\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5275\u9020\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u795e\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u300d\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c[70]\u3001\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u3068\u306f\u5225\u500b\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4ed6\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306e\u5275\u9020\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[71]\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u5927\u5929\u4f7f\u30df\u30ab\u30a8\u30eb\u3001\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd1:1\u306e\u300c\u8a00\u8449\u300d\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7bb4\u8a008\u7ae0\u3067\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u77e5\u6075\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u6b7b\u3068\u5fa9\u6d3b\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u5929\u3078\u6607\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3092\u518d\u3073\u6301\u3064\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3092\u3001\u9ed9\u793a\u93326\u7ae0\u304a\u3088\u307319\u7ae0\u306e\u300c\u767d\u3044\u99ac\u306b\u4e57\u308b\u8005\u300d\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[72]\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u5730\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u8a95\u751f\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5929\u304b\u3089\u51e6\u5973\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u80ce\u5185\u3078\u79fb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u3081\u305f\u6642\u306b\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[73] \u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u3044\u305f\u9593\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u7f6a\u3092\u8d16\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306e\u72a0\u7272\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u5211\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u5bb6\u65cf\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u300c\u6c38\u9060\u306e\u7236\u300d\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[74]\n\n\n\n

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\u5341\u5b57\u67b6<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee: \u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u78d4\u5211\u306e\u9053\u5177<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u8056\u66f8\u518a\u5b50\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u30011931\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u3001\u5893\u77f3\u3084\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306b\u300c\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u3068\u51a0\u300d\u306e\u30b7\u30f3\u30dc\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[78] 1936\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u3067\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u3092\u9000\u3051\u3001\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u4e00\u672c\u306e\u6728\u306e\u676d\uff08crux simplex\uff09\u3067\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30a4\u30cd\u30fc\u30fb\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u306e \u201c\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2\u201d\uff08stauros\uff09\u306f\u4e00\u672c\u306e\u76f4\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u67f1\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u3092\u7570\u6559\u8d77\u6e90\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dd\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u676d\u3082\u307e\u305f\u8c61\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002[79] \u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u3092\u5d07\u656c\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8feb\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308a\u6bba\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[80]\n\n\n\n

\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306f\u5143\u6765\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u5929\u4f7f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u91cd\u8981\u611f\u3092\u62b1\u304d\u3001\u795e\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u5d07\u62dd\u3092\u6b32\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306f\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u30a8\u30d0\u3092\u8aac\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3001\u795e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u81ea\u5206\u306b\u5f93\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u300c\u8ad6\u4e89\uff08controversy\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u554f\u984c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u3001\u8a98\u60d1\u3084\u8feb\u5bb3\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u3082\u795e\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u5b87\u5b99\u306e\u4e3b\u6a29\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[81][82]\n\n\n\n

\u795e\u306f\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u3092\u6ec5\u307c\u3059\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u5fe0\u7bc0\u3092\u8a66\u3057\u3001\u307e\u305f\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u306e\u6b8b\u308a\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u304c\u507d\u308a\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[58][83] \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306f\u795e\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u6575\u5bfe\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308a[83]\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e16\u306e\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u652f\u914d\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[81][82] \u307e\u305f\u3001\u60aa\u970a\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5143\u6765\u3001\u795e\u306b\u53cd\u9006\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u4e89\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306e\u5074\u306b\u3064\u3044\u305f\u5929\u4f7f\u305f\u3061\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[84]\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u304c\u5730\u7344\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3082\u3001\u90aa\u60aa\u306a\u8005\u3092\u7f70\u3059\u308b\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3082\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u3068\u60aa\u970a\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30011914\u5e74\u306b\u5929\u304b\u3089\u5730\u3078\u6295\u3052\u843d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u300c\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306e\u65e5\u300d\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[85]\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u3068\u60aa\u970a\u305f\u3061\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u30fb\u7d44\u7e54\u30fb\u56fd\u5bb6\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u82e6\u3057\u307f\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30cf\u30eb\u30de\u30b2\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306f1000\u5e74\u9593\u7e1b\u3089\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4eba\u985e\u3092\u60d1\u308f\u3059\u77ed\u3044\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u6ec5\u307c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[86]\n\n\n\n

\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30e0\u30ba\u30fb\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u5143\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30e0\u30ba\u30fb\u30da\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30d0\u30fc\u30d0\u30e9\u30fb\u30b0\u30ea\u30ba\u30c6\u30a3\u30fb\u30cf\u30ea\u30bd\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8457\u8ff0\u5bb6\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u306f\u60aa\u970a\u3078\u306e\u6050\u308c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30da\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u300c\u6642\u306b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6975\u7aef\u3067\u3001\u304b\u306a\u308a\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\u306b\u306a\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u30da\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u300c\u60aa\u970a\u7684\u6163\u884c\u300d\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3084\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u970a\u3078\u306e\u6050\u6016\u304b\u3089\u89e3\u653e\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3068\u3082\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[87][88][89] \u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u60aa\u970a\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u529b\u306f\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u60aa\u970a\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u6050\u6016\u3084\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\u306a\u304a\u3073\u3048\u3092\u62b1\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[90]\n\n\n\n

\u5275\u9020<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7\u5275\u9020\u8aac\u300d\u3068\u300c\u65e5\u4ee3\u8aac\uff08day-age creationism\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u7279\u6b8a\u5275\u9020\u8aac\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5275\u9020\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u5730\u7403\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5275\u9020\u306e\u65e5\u3005\u300d\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u9577\u3044\u671f\u9593\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u300c\u65e5\u3005\u300d\u306f\u300c\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u300d\u3092\u8981\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[91]\n\n\n\n

\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u82e5\u3044\u5730\u7403\u5275\u9020\u8aac\uff08Young Earth creationism\uff09\u3092\u300c\u975e\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u3067\u4fe1\u3058\u304c\u305f\u3044\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9000\u3051\u3066\u304a\u308a[92]\u3001\u5730\u7403\u304c\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a6\u65e5\u9593\u3067\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u306f\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6839\u62e0\u306b\u3001\u300c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u8005\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[93][94]\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u7279\u6b8a\u5275\u9020\u3092\u63d0\u5531\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[95] \u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u7d00\u5143\u524d4026\u5e74\u306b\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[96]\n\n\n\n

\u795e\u306e\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\u738b\u56fd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u306f1914\u5e74\u306b\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u5929\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u3067\u3042\u308a[97]\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3068\u3001\u5929\u3078\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f14\u4e074000\u4eba\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7d71\u6cbb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[98]\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u5730\u7403\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u672c\u6765\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u624b\u6bb5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a[99]\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u30fb\u75c5\u6c17\u30fb\u6b7b\u30fb\u8ca7\u56f0\u306e\u306a\u3044\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5730\u7403\u3092\u697d\u5712\u3078\u3068\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[100] \u738b\u56fd\u306f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u5ba3\u6559\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[101]\n\n\n\n

\u6b7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u9b42\u306f\u6b7b\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30a8\u30bc\u30ad\u30a8\u30eb18:4\u300c\u7f6a\u3092\u72af\u3057\u305f\u9b42\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u6b7b\u306c\u300d\uff08MKJV\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8056\u53e5\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3002[102]\n\n\n\n

\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u304c\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u5f8c\u3082\u9b42\u304c\u751f\u304d\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3068\u306f\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002[103] \u6b7b\u306f\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4f1d\u9053\u306e\u66f89:5\u300c\u751f\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8005\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u6b7b\u306c\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u8005\u306f\u4f55\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8056\u53e5\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u6b7b\u5f8c\u306e\u751f\u547d\u3078\u306e\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u5e0c\u671b\u306f\u5fa9\u6d3b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3068\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u540c\u3058\u500b\u4eba\u3092\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8eab\u4f53\u3067\u518d\u5275\u9020\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[104] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u300114\u4e074000\u4eba\u306f\u5929\u3067\u970a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3057\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u796d\u53f8\u7684\u652f\u914d\u8005\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e00\u65b9[105]\u3001\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u3067\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3078\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u5730\u7344\uff08hades \u307e\u305f\u306f sheol\uff09\u306f\u706b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8cac\u3081\u82e6\u306e\u5834\u6240\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u5171\u901a\u306e\u5893\u300d\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u306e\u975e\u5b58\u5728\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[106]\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300chellfire\uff08\u5730\u7344\u306e\u706b\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8056\u66f8\u8a9e\u300c\u30b2\u30d8\u30ca\uff08Gehenna\uff09\u300d\u306f\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6ec5\u3073\u306e\u88c1\u304d\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c[107]\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5fa9\u6d3b\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[108] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6ec5\u3073\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3001\u90aa\u60aa\u306a\u8005\u3078\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306e\u300c\u8cac\u3081\u82e6\u300d\u306f\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u6b7b\u8005\u306b\u306f\u610f\u8b58\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[109]\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u300c\u91d1\u6301\u3061\u3068\u30e9\u30b6\u30ed\u300d\u306e\u305f\u3068\u3048\u306a\u3069\u3082\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306b\u306f\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u306f\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u6b7b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8c61\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u6b7b\u3092\u8a9e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[110]\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u90aa\u60aa\u306a\u5929\u4f7f\uff08\u60aa\u970a\uff09\u306f\u6642\u306b\u6b7b\u8005\u306e\u970a\u3092\u88c5\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b3a\u304d\u304c\u5e7d\u970a\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[111]\n\n\n\n

\u6551\u3044<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b: \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3068\u6551\u6e08<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u72a0\u7272\u3078\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u304c\u6551\u3044\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u4e07\u4eba\u6551\u6e08\u8aac[112]\u3084\u4e88\u5b9a\u8aac\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u9000\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u306b\u306f\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6551\u3044\u306f\u795e\u306e\u300c\u904e\u5206\u306e\u3054\u89aa\u5207\uff08undeserved kindness\uff09\u300d\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u540c\u6642\u306b\u795e\u3068\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u300c\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u72a0\u7272\u300d\u3078\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3082\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[113] \u305d\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306f\u3001\u300c\u71b1\u5fc3\u306a\u300d\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[114][115]\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6551\u3044\u306b\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u6c38\u9060\u306e\u547d\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4ef2\u4ecb\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6c38\u9060\u306e\u547d\u306f\u300114\u4e074000\u4eba\u306e\u300c\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u300d\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u300c\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u7fa4\u308c\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u5929\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306a\u4eba\u985e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u307b\u304b\u306e\u7f8a\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002[116]\n\n\n\n

\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6551\u3044\u306f\u6b7b\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u5929\u306e\u751f\u547d\u3078\u306e\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u9054\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u795e\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u5171\u540c\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4ed5\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[117] \u4ed6\u306e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5927\u60a3\u96e3\u3068\u30cf\u30eb\u30de\u30b2\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u6226\u3044\u3092\u751f\u304d\u5ef6\u3073\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002[118][119]\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u30cf\u30eb\u30de\u30b2\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6551\u3044\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u771f\u7406\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u795e\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9053\u5fb3\u57fa\u6e96\u3078\u306e\u5f93\u9806\u3001\u5d07\u62dd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u540d\u300c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u300d\u306e\u4f7f\u7528[120]\u3001\u795e\u306e\u300c\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\u3078\u306e\u6240\u5c5e[121]\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u3078\u306e\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u652f\u63f4[122]\u306b\u3082\u5de6\u53f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14\u4e074000\u4eba\u306e\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u9ed9\u793a\u933214:1\u20134\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8056\u53e5\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306b14\u4e074000\u4eba\u306e\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306a\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u304c\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u5171\u306b\u795e\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u970a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5929\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[123]\n\n\n\n

\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5927\u534a\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b\u5929\u306b\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9ed9\u793a\u933212:17\uff08KJV\uff09\u306e\u300c\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u8005\uff08remnant\uff09\u300d\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u751f\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u6b7b\u306c\u6642\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5927\u60a3\u96e3\u306e\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5929\u3078\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd3:3\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u2015\u2015\u300c\u4eba\u306f\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u751f\u307e\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u795e\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u300d\u2015\u2015\u306f\u3001\u5929\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u306e\u300c\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u300d\u5b50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u751f\u307e\u308c\u308b\u300d14\u4e074000\u4eba\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[124]\n\n\n\n

\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u300c\u795e\u306e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u300d\uff08\u30ac\u30e9\u30c6\u30e46:16\uff09\u3001\u300c\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u7fa4\u308c\u300d\uff08\u30eb\u30ab12:32\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u5b50\u7f8a\u306e\u59bb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u82b1\u5ac1\u300d\uff08\u9ed9\u793a\u933221:9\uff09\u3092\u3001\u300c\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u300d\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[125][126]\n\n\n\n

\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u6210\u54e1\u304b\u3089\u7279\u5225\u6271\u3044\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002[127] \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u970a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5553\u793a\u304c\u4f34\u3044\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5f53\u4eba\u3060\u3051\u306b\u300c\u990a\u5b50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u78ba\u4fe1\u300d\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[128]\n\n\n\n

\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u8005\u3060\u3051\u304c\u3001\u6bce\u5e74\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6b7b\u306e\u8a18\u5ff5\u5f0f\uff08Memorial\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7a2e\u306a\u3057\u30d1\u30f3\u3068\u3076\u3069\u3046\u9152\u306b\u3042\u305a\u304b\u308b\u3002\u300eThe Watchtower\u300f\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u8a18\u5ff5\u5f0f\u306b\u3042\u305a\u304b\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u306e\u4e00\u89a7\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d[12]\n\n\n\n

\u307b\u304b\u306e\u7f8a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u6587\u732e\u306f\u3001\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd10:16\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u300c\u307b\u304b\u306e\u7f8a\uff08other sheep\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u306f\u3001\u5730\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5225\u500b\u306e\u968e\u7d1a\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[129]\n\n\n\n

\u795e\u306b\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306a\u307e\u307e\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u5f9224:15\u3067\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u7fa9\u4eba\u306e\u5fa9\u6d3b\uff08resurrection of the righteous\uff09\u300d\uff08\u6b3d\u5b9a\u8a33\u3067\u306f \u201cjust\u201d\uff09\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3002[130]\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u795e\u306b\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306b\u4ed5\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4e0d\u7fa9\u306e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5fa9\u6d3b\uff08resurrection of the \u2026 unrighteous\uff09\u300d\uff08\u6b3d\u5b9a\u8a33\u3067\u306f \u201cunjust\u201d\uff09\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u300c\u307b\u304b\u306e\u7f8a\u300d\u306b\u52a0\u308f\u308a\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u306e\u697d\u5712\u3067\u6c38\u9060\u306b\u751f\u304d\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002[131]\n\n\n\n

\u30cf\u30eb\u30de\u30b2\u30c9\u30f3\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u88c1\u304d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6ec5\u307c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002[132] \u5fa9\u6d3b\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u305b\u305a\u30cf\u30eb\u30de\u30b2\u30c9\u30f3\u3092\u751f\u304d\u6b8b\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5927\u7fa4\u8846\uff08great crowd\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3002[133]\n\n\n\n

\u7d42\u672b\u8ad6<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u8a18\u4e8b: \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u7d42\u672b\u8ad6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f1914\u5e7410\u6708\u306b\u3001\u738b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u76ee\u306b\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u5f62\u3067\u5929\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u652f\u914d\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u305f\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[134]\n\n\n\n

\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u306e parousia\uff08\u591a\u304f\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u8056\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066 \u201ccoming\u201d\u300c\u6765\u81e8\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u306f\u300cpresence\uff08\u81e8\u5728\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306a\u300c\u3057\u308b\u3057\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306e\u307f\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[135]\n\n\n\n

\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u518d\u81e8\uff08Second Coming\uff09\u306f\u3001\u9577\u671f\u9593\u7d9a\u304f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306e\u81e8\u5728\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u7f8a\u3068\u5c71\u7f8a\u3092\u5206\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u300c\u6765\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7d42\u308f\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[136]\n\n\n\n

\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u738b\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u6642\u3001\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306f\u5929\u304b\u3089\u5730\u3078\u8ffd\u653e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u300c\u707d\u3044\u300d\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[137]\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30011914\u5e74\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u4fe1\u6761\u3092\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8056\u66f8\u5e74\u4ee3\u5b66\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304b\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[138] \u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u306e\u6ec5\u4ea1\u3068\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30f3\u6355\u56da\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u304c\u7d00\u5143\u524d607\u5e74\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4fe1\u5ff5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\uff08\u4e16\u4fd7\u53f2\u5b66\u3067\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u9665\u843d\u5e74\u306f\u7d00\u5143\u524d587\u5e74\u9803\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6355\u56da\u306f\u8907\u6570\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7279\u306b\u7d00\u5143\u524d597\u5e74\u306e\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u5305\u56f2\u5f8c\u306b\u591a\u6570\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u304c\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30f3\u3078\u9023\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30c0\u30cb\u30a8\u30eb\u66f84\u7ae0\u304c\u3001\u7d00\u5143\u524d607\u5e74\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u897f\u66a61914\u5e74\u306b\u7d42\u308f\u308b2520\u5e74\u306e\u671f\u9593\u3092\u9810\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[139]\n\n\n\n

\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3053\u306e\u671f\u9593\u3092\u3001\u300c\u7570\u90a6\u4eba\u306e\u6642\uff08Gentile Times\uff09\u300d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u8af8\u56fd\u6c11\u306e\u5b9a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6642\u300d\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30eb\u30ab21:24\u304b\u3089\u53d6\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30cb\u30a2\u4eba\u304c\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u3092\u5f81\u670d\u3057\u305f\u6642\u3001\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u304b\u3089\u7d9a\u304f\u738b\u7d71\u304c\u4e2d\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u304b\u30891914\u5e7410\u6708\u306b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u652f\u914d\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u795e\u306e\u738b\u5ea7\u306f\u300c\u8e0f\u307f\u306b\u3058\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[140]\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30011914\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u2015\u2015\u6226\u4e89\u3001\u98e2\u9949\u3001\u5730\u9707\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e0d\u6cd5\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u2015\u2015\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u3092\u88cf\u3065\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u81e8\u5728\u306e\u300c\u3057\u308b\u3057\u300d\u306e\u6210\u5c31\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[141]\n\n\n\n

\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u3082\u305d\u306e\u3057\u308b\u3057\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30bf\u30a424:14\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[142]\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30011918\u5e74\u306b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u6b7b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f14\u4e074000\u4eba\uff08\u300c\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u300d\uff09\u3092\u5929\u306e\u751f\u547d\u3078\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30021918\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u300c\u6cb9\u305d\u305d\u304c\u308c\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u300d\u306f\u3001\u6b7b\u306c\u305f\u3073\u306b\u500b\u5225\u306b\u5929\u306e\u751f\u547d\u3078\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5929\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u738b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4ed5\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[143]\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u6642\u4ee3\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u300c\u4e8b\u7269\u306e\u4f53\u5236\uff08system of things\uff09\u300d\u306f\u3001\u300c\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306e\u65e5\u300d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a[144]\u3001\u795e\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5dee\u3057\u8feb\u3063\u305f\u6ec5\u3073\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u795e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5f62\u3067\u5d07\u62dd\u3059\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u306f\u6551\u51fa\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u88c1\u304d\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u9023\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308b\u507d\u308a\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u306e\u6ec5\u3073\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u3001\u300c\u5927\u3044\u306a\u308b\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30f3\u300d\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u9ed9\u793a\u933217\u7ae0\u306e\u300c\u5a3c\u5a66\u300d\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[145] \u3053\u308c\u304c\u5927\u60a3\u96e3\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[146]\n\n\n\n

\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306f\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3092\u653b\u6483\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u304c\u795e\u306b\u30cf\u30eb\u30de\u30b2\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u6226\u4e89\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5951\u6a5f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u969b\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u653f\u5e9c\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u300c\u7f8a\u300d\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u771f\u306e\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u6ec5\u307c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[147]\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u3084\u91cd\u5ea6\u306e\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u751f\u304d\u6b8b\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u795e\u306e\u88c1\u304d\u306f\u7fa9\u306b\u304b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6190\u308c\u307f\u6df1\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[148]\n\n\n\n

\u30cf\u30eb\u30de\u30b2\u30c9\u30f3\u5f8c\u3001\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306f\u5e95\u77e5\u308c\u306c\u6df1\u307f\u306b\u6295\u3052\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u795e\u306f\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u5929\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u3092\u5730\u306b\u3082\u62e1\u5927\u3057[149]\u3001\u5730\u7403\u306f\u30a8\u30c7\u30f3\u306e\u5712\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u697d\u5712\u3078\u5909\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[150]\n\n\n\n

\u795e\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u4ee5\u524d\u306b\u6b7b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u5927\u534a\u306f\u3001\u9ed9\u793a\u933220\u7ae0\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u308b1000\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u300c\u88c1\u304d\u306e\u65e5\u300d\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002[151] \u3053\u306e\u88c1\u304d\u306f\u3001\u5fa9\u6d3b\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u884c\u3044\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5fa9\u6d3b\u5f8c\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[152]\n\n\n\n

1000\u5e74\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6a29\u5a01\u3092\u795e\u306b\u8fd4\u9084\u3059\u308b\u3002[153] \u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u306f\u89e3\u653e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4eba\u985e\u3092\u60d1\u308f\u3059\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002[154] \u30b5\u30bf\u30f3\u3001\u305d\u306e\u60aa\u970a\u305f\u3061\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8a66\u7df4\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3057\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u6ec5\u307c\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306b\u8a66\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4eba\u985e\u3060\u3051\u304c\u6c38\u9060\u306b\u751f\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002[151]\n\n\n\n

\u96e2\u8131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u7559\u307e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f37\u5236\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[155] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u5f37\u5236\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5d07\u62dd\u306f\u795e\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[156]\n\n\n\n

\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u4f1a\u54e1\u8cc7\u683c\u3092\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u3064\u3064\u826f\u597d\u306a\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002[157] \u96e2\u8131\u3092\u9078\u3073\u3001\u305d\u306e\u610f\u601d\u3092\u516c\u306b\u8868\u660e\u3057\u305f\u8005\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u3068\u305d\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u6368\u3066\u305f\u8005\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[157]\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u96e2\u8131\u306b\u306f\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u300c\u4e0d\u6d3b\u767a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3001\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u300c\u65ad\u7d76\uff08disassociated\uff09\u300d\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u300c\u6392\u65a5\uff08removed\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u6d3b\u767a\u306a\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u4e2d\u6b62\u3057\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u304b\u3089\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3002[158] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u9577\u8001\u3084\u4ed6\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u6210\u54e1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a2a\u554f\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[159]\n\n\n\n

\u7d44\u7e54\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u516c\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u5185\u3067\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u653e\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3060\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u300c\u65ad\u7d76\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[160]\n\n\n\n

\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u3092\u72af\u3057\u305f\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8005\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6559\u56e3\u3092\u8f9e\u3081\u305f\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[160]\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u5bfe\u8c61\u8005\u3068\u306f\u8fd1\u89aa\u8005\u3092\u542b\u3081\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306e\u63a5\u89e6\u3057\u304b\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u6307\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[155][161]\n\n\n\n

2024\u5e743\u6708\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8005\u3092\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u96c6\u4f1a\u306b\u62db\u5f85\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u3067\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u6328\u62f6\u3092\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u80cc\u6559\u8005\uff08apostate\uff09\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3092\u9664\u304f\u3002[162]\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u9055\u53cd\u8005\u3092\u5fcc\u907f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u30fb\u970a\u7684\u6e05\u3055\u304c\u5b88\u3089\u308c\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u540d\u8a89\u304c\u4fdd\u8b77\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[158] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u304c\u300c\u795e\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3001\u795e\u3092\u4ee3\u8868\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u795e\u306e\u597d\u610f\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u300d\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u4f1a\u8846\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u795e\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3092\u5931\u3046\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[163]\n\n\n\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30fb\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u30c7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u3084\u305d\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3078\u306e\u5e7b\u6ec5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u672c\u6765\u306a\u3089\u96e2\u8131\u3059\u308b\u306f\u305a\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u3001\u53cb\u4eba\u3084\u5bb6\u65cf\u3068\u306e\u63a5\u89e6\u3092\u5931\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3078\u306e\u6050\u308c\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u306b\u7559\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[157]\n\n\n\n

\u80cc\u6559<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u300c\u80cc\u6559\uff08apostasy\uff09\u300d\u3092\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u795e\u3078\u306e\u5d07\u62dd\u3068\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u653e\u68c4\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u795e\u3078\u306e\u53cd\u9006\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[164]\n\n\n\n

\u80cc\u6559\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3084\u8981\u6c42\u306e\u62d2\u7d76\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u62d2\u7d76\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u56e3\u4f53\u3068\u306e\u4ea4\u969b\u3084\u652f\u63f4[165]\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u795d\u796d\u65e5\u306e\u795d\u3044\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[166] \u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u96c6\u56e3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ffd\u653e\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u5fcc\u907f\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u516c\u5f0f\u6559\u7fa9\u304b\u3089\u9038\u8131\u3057\u305f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u5e83\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3001\u80cc\u6559\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u300c\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u7279\u5fb4\u300d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3092\u5f97\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8a66\u307f\u3001\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u8efd\u8996\u3001\u795e\u306e\u898b\u3048\u308b\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u62d2\u7d76\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u3078\u306e\u516c\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u59a8\u5bb3\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8a66\u307f\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002[164]\n\n\n\n

\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5225\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u884c\u52d5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u771f\u7406\u300d\u304b\u3089\u306e\u9038\u8131\u3001\u306d\u3058\u66f2\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7a7a\u865a\u306a\u8a00\u8449\u3001\u507d\u5584\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u3044\u4e0d\u656c\u8654\u3078\u306e\u95a2\u4e0e\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[167]\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u6587\u732e\u306f\u3001\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u306f\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u82e6\u3005\u3057\u3055\u306b\u52d5\u6a5f\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u306f\u6709\u6bd2\u3067\u3001\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u3001\u865a\u507d\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u3001\u300c\u72e1\u733e\u3055\u3001\u4f5c\u70ba\u7684\u8aa4\u308a\u3001\u9ad8\u6162\u306a\u77e5\u6027\u3001\u611b\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u3001\u4e0d\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[168]\n\n\n\n

\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u6162\u3067\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u6069\u77e5\u3089\u305a\u3067\u601d\u3044\u4e0a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u63cf\u5199\u3055\u308c[167]\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u306b\u75c5\u3093\u3067\u304a\u308a[169]\u3001\u5ac9\u59ac\u3001\u6012\u308a\u306e\u7206\u767a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u975e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u9169\u914a\u3001\u6027\u7684\u653e\u7e26\u3001\u4e0d\u54c1\u884c\u306e\u72a0\u7272\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[167]\n\n\n\n

\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u306f\u53cd\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3001\u975e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3055\u3089\u306b\u975e\u96e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[165] \u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u300c\u53cd\u795e\u7684\uff08anti-God\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6ec5\u3073\u304c\u5b9a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u63cf\u5199\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[170]\n\n\n\n

\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3092\u300c\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300d\u5acc\u60aa\u3057\u618e\u307e\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u601d\u60f3\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[171] \u307e\u305f\u3001\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u300c\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u6c11\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3057\u3001\u771f\u7406\u3092\u6b6a\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[172]\n\n\n\n

\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u306f\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u306b\u6328\u62f6\u3059\u308b\u8005\u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u90aa\u60aa\u306a\u884c\u3044\u306b\u52a0\u308f\u308b\u8005\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3068\u8b66\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[165]\n\n\n\n

\u6559\u80b2<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u8056\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3088\u3046\u6307\u5c0e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u4e16\u4fd7\u6559\u80b2\u3088\u308a\u3082\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u30fb\u970a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u91cd\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[173]\n\n\n\n

\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u63a8\u5968\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a[174][175]\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u5dee\u3057\u8feb\u3063\u305f\u6ec5\u3073\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3092\u8a08\u753b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7121\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u8caa\u6b32\u3001\u8150\u6557\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306b\u9665\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3078\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u307e\u305f\u3001\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u8005\u306f\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0a\u6607\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u304b\u3089\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u305d\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5371\u967a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[176]\n\n\n\n

\u798f\u97f3\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u306e\u6210\u529f\u3088\u308a\u3082\u512a\u5148\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u82e5\u3044\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u304c\u5927\u5b66\u3078\u9032\u5b66\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u307e\u308c\u3067\u3042\u308a[177]\u3001\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u30c7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u5185\u3067\u80b2\u3061\u5f8c\u306b\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u591a\u304f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u5e74\u306b\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f8c\u6094\u306e\u6e90\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[177]\n\n\n\n

\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306f\u3001\u89aa\u305f\u3061\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306b\u306f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u4ee3\u66ff\u6848\u3092\u52e7\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u52a9\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u66ff\u6848\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u30fb\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u3084\u6280\u8853\u5c02\u9580\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u6e96\u5b66\u58eb\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u77ed\u671f\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u82e5\u3044\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u300c\u771f\u306e\u8077\u696d\u300d\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u795e\u3078\u306e\u5949\u4ed5\u3092\u8ffd\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u3061\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u9069\u5ea6\u306a\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6280\u80fd\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u3067\u306e\u307f\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3088\u3046\u52e7\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[176]\n\n\n\n

\u8457\u8005\u30b8\u30a7\u30fc\u30e0\u30ba\u30fb\u30da\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u66f8\u300eApocalypse Delayed\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u9032\u5b66\u3057\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u3001\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u306a\u3069\u3001\u300c\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u89b3\u306b\u6700\u3082\u8105\u5a01\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5206\u91ce\u300d\u3092\u5c02\u653b\u3059\u308b\u8005\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[178]\n\n\n\n

\u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30fc\u30fbS\u30fb\u30a4\u30f3\u30ac\u30fc\u30bd\u30eb\uff1d\u30a6\u30c3\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300c\u5916\u90e8\u77e5\u8b58\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u5168\u4f53\u306f\u81ea\u5f8b\u6027\u3092\u653e\u68c4\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u3092\u5b97\u6559\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5916\u90e8\u7d71\u5236\u306b\u9032\u3093\u3067\u670d\u5f93\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002[179]\n\n\n\n

2025\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u898b\u89e3\u304c\u8abf\u6574\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300c\u3042\u308b\u7a2e\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u8ffd\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306f\u5371\u967a\u3082\u4f34\u3046\u304c\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e8b\u9805\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3001\u307e\u305f\u300c\u9577\u8001\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4ef6\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4ef2\u9593\u306e\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u88c1\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u306e\u58f0\u660e\u304c\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[180]\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5ba3\u6559\u6280\u80fd\u306e\u5411\u4e0a\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u305f\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u80b2\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8b58\u5b57\u6559\u80b2\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3001\u958b\u62d3\u5949\u4ed5\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u738b\u56fd\u798f\u97f3\u5ba3\u660e\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30ae\u30ec\u30a2\u30c7\u5b66\u6821\u306a\u3069\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306f\u62db\u5f85\u5236\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[181]\n\n\n\n

\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1.  Penton 1997<\/a>, p. 13.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2.  Franz 2002<\/a>, p. 106.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3.  “United in Love\u2014Annual Meeting Report”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. June 15, 2010. p. 3. In 1976, all activities of Jehovah’s Witnesses were brought under the supervision of the six committees of the Governing Body.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4.  Keep Yourselves in God’s Love<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2008. p. 43. The Governing Body of Jehovah’s Witnesses represents the slave class. … elders today receive instructions and counsel from the Governing Body, either directly or through its representatives, such as traveling overseers.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5.  Garbe, Detlef (2008). Between Resistance and Martyrdom: Jehovah’s Witnesses in the Third Reich<\/em>. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 37, 38. ISBN<\/a> 978-0-299-20794-6<\/bdi><\/a>. In their opinion, only people who have accepted Jehovah and subsequently submit to his requirements will survive Armageddon and enter into the New World … Jehovah’s Witnesses also believe that a person confessing to worship God has to be associated with the true Christian denomination. Since they claim to be the only true religious denomination, they also claim to have the only means for salvation.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6.  Holden 2002<\/a>, p. 7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7.  Holden 2002<\/a>, pp. 71\u201376.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8.  Holden 2002<\/a>, p. 71.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9.  “How the Governing Body Is Organized”. The Watchtower<\/em>. May 15, 2008. p. 29.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10.  “The Faithful Steward and Its Governing Body”. The Watchtower<\/em>. June 15, 2009. p. 20.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11.  “Make Your Advancement Manifest”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. August 1, 2001. p. 14. A mature Christian … does not advocate or insist on personal opinions or harbor private ideas when it comes to Bible understanding. Rather, he has complete confidence in the truth as it is revealed by Jehovah God through his Son, Jesus Christ, and ‘the faithful and discreet slave.’<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12.  “Question From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. August 15, 2011. p. 22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13.  Franz 2007<\/a>, pp. 152\u2013164<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14.  “Annual Meeting Report”<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15.  Osamu Muramoto (August 1998). “Bioethics of the Refusal of Blood by Jehovah’s Witnesses, Part 1”<\/a>. Journal of Medical Ethics<\/em>. 24<\/strong> (4): 223\u2013230. doi<\/a>:10.1136\/jme.24.4.223<\/a>. PMC<\/a> 1377670<\/a>. PMID<\/a> 9752623<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16.  Franz 2007<\/a>, pp. 132\u2013133<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17.  Penton 1997<\/a>, pp. 165\u2013171.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18.  “The Spirit Searches into the Deep Things of God”. The Watchtower<\/em>. July 15, 2010. p. 23. When the time comes to clarify a spiritual matter in our day, holy spirit helps responsible representatives of ‘the faithful and discreet slave’ at world headquarters to discern deep truths that were not previously understood. The Governing Body as a whole considers adjusted explanations. What they learn, they publish for the benefit of all.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19.  Penton 1997<\/a>, p. 165.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20.  J. F. Rutherford (1933). Preparation<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. pp. 64, 67.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21.  “Name and Purpose of The Watchtower”. The Watchtower<\/em>. August 15, 1950. p. 263.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22.  Crompton 1996<\/a>, p. 115.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23.  Beckford, James A. (1975). The Trumpet of Prophecy: A Sociological Study of Jehovah’s Witnesses<\/em>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. pp. 84, 89, 92, 119\u2013120. ISBN<\/a> 0-631-16310-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24.  Holden 2002<\/a>, p. 22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  25.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. April 1, 1986. pp. 30\u201331.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  26.  Ronald Lawson (1995). “Sect-State Relations: Accounting for the Differing Trajectories of Seventh-day Adventists and Jehovah’s Witnesses”<\/a> (PDF). Sociology of Religion<\/em>. 56<\/strong> (4): 371. Archived from the original<\/a> (PDF) on 2012-01-31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  27.  Botting, Heather; Gary Botting<\/a> (1984). The Orwellian World of Jehovah’s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 143. ISBN<\/a> 0-8020-6545-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  28.  “The Visible Part of God’s Organization”<\/a>. The Watchtower<\/em>. May 1, 1981. pp. 22\u201327.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  29.  “Theocratic Organization with Which to Move Forward Now”. The Watchtower<\/em>. December 15, 1971. p. 754.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  30.  “Restoration of True Religion Today”. The Watchtower<\/em>. March 1, 1954. p. 151.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  31.  “Finding Freedom with Jehovah’s Visible Organization”. The Watchtower<\/em>. October 1, 1967. p. 585. As cited in Penton 1997<\/a>, p. 163.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  32.  Franz 2007<\/a>, p. 118<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  33.  Holden 2002<\/a>, p. 33.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  34.  “Building Disciples Having the Quality of Endurance”. The Watchtower<\/em>. April 1, 1970. p. 213.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  35.  “Do Not Resist Jehovah’s Counsel”. The Watchtower<\/em>. July 15, 1965. p. 435.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  36.  “Loyalty to Theocratic Organization”. Our Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. November 1, 1953.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  37.  “Serve Jehovah Loyally”. The Watchtower<\/em>. November 15, 1992. p. 21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  38.  Franz 2002<\/a>, p. 316.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  39.  Franz 2007<\/a>, p. 449<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  40.  Franz 2007<\/a>, pp. 449\u2013464 \u2014 “Loyalty to the organization becomes the touchstone, the criterion, the “bottom line”, when it comes to determining whether one is a faithful Christian or not … to make any organizational loyalty the criterion for judging anyone’s Christianity is, then, clearly a perversion of Scripture … Read the whole of those Scriptures … nowehere are we taught to put faith in men or in an earthly organization, unquestioningly following its lead … the entire Bible record is a continual reminder of the danger inherent in that kind of trust.”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  41.  Franz 2007<\/a>, p. 458<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  42.  Holden 2002<\/a>, p. 121.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  43.  Botting, Heather; Gary Botting (1984). The Orwellian World of Jehovah’s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 156. ISBN<\/a> 0-8020-6545-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  44.  “Biography”<\/a>. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. December 1, 1916. p. 356.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  45.  “Religion’s Future in View of Its Past”. Awake!<\/em>. October 22, 1989. p. 17.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  46.  “Is Religion at the Root of Mankind’s Problem?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. February 15, 2004. p. 5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  47.  Franz 2002<\/a>, pp. 183\u2013184.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  48.  Reasoning from the Scriptures<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1989. p. 203.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  49.  Holden 2002<\/a>, p. 1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  50.  Penton 1997<\/a>, p. 172.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  51.  All Scripture is Inspired of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1990. p. 336.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  52.  “Obedience to the Good News a Way of Life”. The Watchtower<\/em>. October 15, 1977. p. 618.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  53.  Reasoning From The Scriptures<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1989. pp. 199\u2013208.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  54.  Chryssides 2016<\/a>, p. 428.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  55.  “”We Have Found the Messiah”!”. The Watchtower<\/em>. October 1, 1992. p. 10.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  56.  United In Worship of the Only True God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1983. p. 111.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  57.  “The Divine Name”. Insight on the Scriptures<\/em><\/a>. Vol. 1. Watch Tower Society. 2018 [1988]. pp. 324\u2013326. Retrieved 18 July 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  58.  Holden 2002<\/a>, p. 24.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  59.  Should You Believe in the Trinity?<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1989. pp. 14, 20.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  60.  Insight on the Scriptures<\/em><\/a>. Vol. 1. Watch Tower Society. 2018. p. 969.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  61.  “Is God Everywhere?”<\/a>. Awake!<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. March 8, 1995. pp. 20\u201321. Retrieved July 18, 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  62.  “Eternal Torment \u2014 Why a Disturbing Doctrine?”<\/a>. The Watchtower<\/a><\/em>. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1993. pp. 4\u20136. Retrieved July 18, 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  63.  “God’s Wisdom in Dealing with Mankind”<\/a>. Awake!<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. June 8, 1971. pp. 12\u201314. Retrieved July 18, 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  64.  Penton 1997<\/a>, p. 184.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  65.  “Who Are Giving God Glory Today?”<\/a>. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 2004. pp. 12\u201314. Retrieved 18 July 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  66.  Franz 2007<\/a>, p. 494 \u2014 “The fact remains that today no religious group of any size uses the name “Jehovah” with such intense frequency as does that of Jehovah’s Witnesses. That name predominates throughout their literature. Among Jehovah’s Witnesses it has become almost strange to speak of “God” without prefacing the term by saying “Jehovah God”, while the term “Lord” is quite rare in their expressions. They read “Lord” in the Bible but hardly ever use it in their own speech extemporaneously. It is almost a liturgical form for them in most prayers to initially address these to “Jehovah” or “Jehovah God”.”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  67.  Franz 2007<\/a>, p. 494<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  68.  Franz 2007<\/a>, p. 489<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  69.  Insight on the Scriptures<\/em>. Vol. 2. p. 52.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  70.  Worship the Only True God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2002. p. 184.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  71.  “What Do the Scriptures Say About ‘the Divinity of Christ’?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. January 15, 1992. pp. 20\u201323.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  72.  “Jehovah’s Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Revelation”. The Watchtower<\/em>. February 15, 2009. p. 3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  73.  “Jesus\u2014The Ruler “Whose Origin Is From Early Times””. The Watchtower<\/em>. June 15, 1998. p. 22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  74.  “20”. Worldwide Security Under the “Prince of Peace”<\/em>. p. 163.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  75.  Penton 1997<\/a>, pp. 188\u2013189.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  76.  “Is Jesus God Almighty?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. September 15, 2005. p. 7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  77.  “Jesus’ Family\u2014Who Were They?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. December 15, 2003. p. 3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  78.  “They Are No Part of the World”. Jehovah’s Witnesses\u2014Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom<\/em>. p. 200.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  79.  What Does the Bible Really Teach?<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2005. pp. 51, 201\u2013204.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  80.  “Poland”. 1994 Yearbook of Jehovah’s Witnesses<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 206.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  81.  Jehovah’s Witnesses\u2014Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1993. pp. 144\u2013145.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  82.  What Does the Bible Really Teach?<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2005. p. 32.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  83.  “Declaration and Resolution”. The Watchtower<\/em>. December 1, 1973. p. 724.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  84.  “Angels\u2014How They Affect Us”. The Watchtower<\/em>. January 15, 2006. p. 7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  85.  What Does the Bible Really Teach?<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2005. pp. 87, 216.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  86.  “Be Vigilant”. The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 2009. p. 15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  87.  Penton 1997<\/a>, pp. 189\u2013190.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  88.  Beckford, James A. (1975). The Trumpet of Prophecy: A Sociological Study of Jehovah’s Witnesses<\/em>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. p. 106. ISBN<\/a> 0-631-16310-7<\/bdi><\/a>. God is believed to have banished from heaven a number of ‘wicked spirit creatures’ who are understood to be the main source of human frustration on earth. Consequently, Jehovah’s witnesses learn to cultivate a very noticeable fear of phenomena connected with the occult; they ‘believe in’ ghosts, for example, to the extent of shunning conversation about them and of refusing to listen to ghost-stories.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  89.  Grizzuti Harrison, Barbara<\/a> (1978), “8”, Visions of Glory<\/em>, Robert Hale, ISBN<\/a> 0-7091-8013-6<\/bdi><\/a>, The Watchtower<\/em> concludes, from this bizarre account, that “one can see from this that one need not live in fear of the demons”. But of course the result of all this misbegotten advice is to keep the Witnesses in constant fear of “demon harassment”. Their demons are never exorcised.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  90.  “Angels\u2014How They Affect Us”. The Watchtower<\/em>. January 15, 2006. p. 7. Demons are dangerous, but we do not dread them.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  91.  Is There a Creator Who Cares About You?<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. pp. 93\u201394.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  92.  “Praise the King of Eternity!”. The Watchtower<\/em>. April 1, 1986. pp. 12\u201313.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  93.  “Is Evolution’s Foundation Missing?”. Awake!<\/em>. May 8, 1997. p. 12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  94.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. September 1, 1986. p. 30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  95.  Life\u2014How Did It Get Here? By Evolution Or By Creation?<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1985.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  96.  Insight on the Scriptures<\/em><\/a>. Vol. 1. Watch Tower Society. 2019. p. 45.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  97.  “What Has God’s Kingdom Been Doing Since 1914?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. October 15, 1966. p. 617.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  98.  The Government That Will Bring Paradise<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1993. p. 3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  99.  Insight on the Scriptures<\/em>. Vol. 1. Watch Tower Society. p. 310.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  100.  Reasoning from the Scriptures<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. pp. 225\u2013234.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  101.  “God’s Kingdom\u2014Earth’s New Rulership”. The Watchtower<\/em>. October 15, 2000. p. 10.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  102.  You Can Live Forever in Paradise on Earth<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1989. p. 77.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  103.  “Is There Life After Death?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. July 15, 2001. p. 3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  104.  Reasoning From The Scriptures<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1989. p. 333.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  105.  “The Only Remedy!”. The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 2006. p. 6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  106.  “Hell\u2014Eternal Torture or Common Grave?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. April 15, 1993. p. 6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  107.  “Comfort for Those Who Mourn”. Awake!<\/em>. May 8, 2002. p. 19.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  108.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. July 15, 2005. p. 31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  109.  Insight on the Scriptures<\/em>. Vol. 1. Watch Tower Society. p. 906.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  110.  “The Dead Who Are in Line for Resurrection”. The Watchtower<\/em>. February 1, 1965. p. 76.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  111.  “Satan Worship in Our Time”. The Watchtower<\/em>. September 1, 1988. p. 5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  112.  “Does the Bible Teach What You Believe?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. April 15, 1960. p. 229.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  113.  “Is Your Life Predestined?”. Awake!<\/em>. May 1, 2007. p. 13.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  114.  “Preaching in a Lawless World”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 1979. p. 13. As cited in James Penton. Apocalypse Delayed<\/em>. p. 206.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  115.  Botting, Heather; Gary Botting (1984). The Orwellian World of Jehovah’s Witnesses<\/em><\/a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 107. ISBN<\/a> 0-8020-6545-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  116.  The terms “little flock” and “other sheep” are drawn from Luke 12:32 and John 10:16 respectively.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  117.  “Keep Your Hope of Salvation Bright!”. The Watchtower<\/em>. June 1, 2000. pp. 9\u201314.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  118.  Beckford, James A. (1975). The Trumpet of Prophecy: A Sociological Study of Jehovah’s Witnesses<\/em>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. p. 110. ISBN<\/a> 0-631-16310-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  119.  Hoekema, Anthony A.<\/a> (1963). The Four Major Cults<\/em>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans. p. 285. ISBN<\/a> 0-8028-3117-6<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  120.  “Salvation\u2014What It Really Means”. The Watchtower<\/em>. August 15, 1997. pp. 4\u20137.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  121.  “Remaining Organized for Survival Into the Millennium”. The Watchtower<\/em>. September 1, 1989. p. 19. Only Jehovah’s Witnesses, those of the anointed remnant and the ‘great crowd,’ as a united organization under the protection of the Supreme Organizer, have any Scriptural hope of surviving the impending end of this doomed system dominated by Satan the Devil.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  122.  “Rejoicing in Our Hope”. The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 2012. p. 20.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  123.  God’s Kingdom Removes Its Enemies<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 228.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  124.  “Look to Jehovah for Comfort”. The Watchtower<\/em>. January 11, 1996. p. 10. One of the main operations of God’s spirit upon first-century Christians was to anoint them as adopted spiritual sons of God and brothers of Jesus. (2 Corinthians 1:21, 22) This is reserved for only 144,000 disciples of Christ. (Revelation 14:1, 3)<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  125.  Survivors Out of All the Nations<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1984. p. 65.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  126.  Watchtower Publications Index 1930\u20131985<\/em>. Congregation of God (Also called 144,000; Anointed; Body of Christ; Bride of Christ; Chosen Ones; Elect; Holy Nation; Israel of God; Kingdom Class; Little Flock; New Creation; New Nation; Royal House; Royal Priesthood; Sanctuary Class; Sons of Levi; Spirit Begotten; Spiritual Israel; Spiritual Sons)<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  127.  The Watchtower<\/em>. January 5, 2007. p. 31. {{cite magazine<\/a>}}<\/code>: Missing or empty |title=<\/code> (help<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  128.  “14”. United In Worship Of The Only True God<\/em>. pp. 112\u2013113. Spiritual Sons\u2014How Do They Know? … God’s spirit gives positive assurance of adoption as spiritual sons to baptized Christians who have received the heavenly calling.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  129.  “The Other Sheep and the New Covenant”. The Watchtower<\/em>. February 1, 1998. p. 20.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  130.  “There Will Be a Resurrection of the Righteous”. The Watchtower<\/em>. February 15, 1995. p. 11. Men and women of old who exercised strong faith in Jehovah and his promises and remained faithful to the death were ‘declared righteous’ by Jehovah on the basis of their faith, and they will without doubt share in the ‘resurrection of the righteous’.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  131.  “A Sure Guide to Happiness”. The Watchtower<\/em>. June 15, 2006. p. 6. Acts 24:15 … “There is going to be a resurrection of both the righteous and the unrighteous.” So even “the unrighteous,” many individuals who did not know and serve Jehovah, will get a future opportunity to gain God’s favor.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  132.  “The Only Remedy!”. The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 2006. p. 6. Some committed sins for which there is no forgiveness. They are not in Hades (mankind’s common grave) but in Gehenna, a symbolic place of eternal destruction. (Matthew 23:33)<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  133.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. April 15, 1995. p. 31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  134.  “Christ’s Presence\u2014What Does It Mean to You?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. February 15, 2008. p. 21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  135.  “Maintain Your Sense of Urgency”. The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 2012. p. 18.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  136.  “Jesus’ Coming or Jesus’ Presence\u2014Which?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. August 15, 1996. p. 12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  137.  “What Must We Do to Be Saved?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. February 1, 1996. p. 6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  138.  Reasoning From the Scriptures<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1989. pp. 95\u201396.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  139.  Gruss, Edmond C. (1972). The Jehovah’s Witnesses and Prophetic Speculation<\/em>. Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co. pp. 20\u201358. ISBN<\/a> 0-87552-306-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  140.  What Does The Bible Really Teach?<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2005. pp. 217\u2013218.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  141.  The Truth That Leads to Eternal Life<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1981. p. 86.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  142.  “God’s Kingdom\u2014Earth’s New Rulership”. The Watchtower<\/em>. October 15, 2000. p. 11.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  143.  Revelation\u2014Its Grand Climax At Hand!<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1988. pp. 102\u2013104.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  144.  “Deliverance by God’s Kingdom Is at Hand!”. The Watchtower<\/em>. May 15, 2008. p. 15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  145.  Revelation\u2014Its Grand Climax at Hand<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1988. pp. 235\u2013236.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  146.  “Apocalypse\u2014When?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. February 15, 1986. p. 6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  147.  Revelation\u2014Its Grand Climax at Hand<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1988. p. 286.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  148.  “Strengthening Our Confidence in God’s Righteousness”. The Watchtower<\/em>. August 15, 1998. p. 20.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  149.  “Armageddon\u2014A Happy Beginning”. The Watchtower<\/em>. December 1, 2005. pp. 4\u20136.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  150.  Penton 1997<\/a>, p. 180.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  151.  Penton 1997<\/a>, p. 186\u2013187.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  152.  Insight on the Scriptures<\/em>. Vol. 2. Watch Tower Society. 1988. p. 788.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  153.  Pay Attention to Daniel’s Prophecy!<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2006. pp. 94\u201395.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  154.  “The Resurrection Hope\u2014What Does It Mean for You?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. May 1, 2005. p. 20.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  155.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. July 1, 1984. p. 31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  156.  Draw Close to Jehovah<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 45=46.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  157.  Holden 2002<\/a>, pp. 150\u2013170.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  158.  “Help Those Who Stray From the Flock”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. November 15, 2008. pp. 8\u201311.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  159.  “You Can Encourage an Inactive Christian”. Life and Ministry Meeting Workbook<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  160.  Organized to Do Jehovah’s Will<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2019. pp. 141\u2013156.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  161.  “Disfellowshiping\u2014How to View It”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1981. p. 23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  162.  2024 Governing Body update #2<\/em><\/a>. WatchTower Bible and Tract Society. Event occurs at 13:12. Retrieved April 11, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  163.  “Expelling”. Insight on the Scriptures<\/em>. Vol. 1. Watch Tower Society.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  164.  Reasoning From the Scriptures<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1989. pp. 34\u201335.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  165.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. July 15, 1985. p. 31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  166.  Pay Attention To Yourselves and to All the Flock<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. pp. 94\u201395.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  167.  “Remain Solid in the Faith”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. August 1, 1980. pp. 17\u201321.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  168.  “At Which Table Are You Feeding”. The Watchtower<\/em>. July 1, 1994. pp. 11\u201312.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  169.  Jerome Taylor (September 27, 2011). “War of Words Breaks Out Among Jehovah’s Witnesses”<\/a>. The Independent<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  170.  “Why So Many Christian Sects?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. March 15, 1975. p. 167.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  171.  “Search Through Me, Oh God”. The Watchtower<\/em>. October 1, 1993. p. 19.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  172.  “Do You Have the Facts?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. August 1, 2018. p. 4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  173.  “Moral Education”. Awake!<\/em>. No. 1. 2019. p. 6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  174.  Penton 1997<\/a>, pp. 271\u2013273.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  175.  Lawson, Ronald (December 1, 1995). “Sect-State Relations: Accounting for the Differing Trajectories of Seventh-day Adventists and Jehovah’s Witnesses”<\/a>. Sociology of Religion<\/em>. 56<\/strong> (4): 351\u2013377. doi<\/a>:10.2307\/3712195<\/a>. ISSN<\/a> 1069-4404<\/a>. JSTOR<\/a> 3712195<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  176.  “Parents\u2014What Future Do You Want for Your Children?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. October 1, 2005. pp. 26\u201331.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  177.  Holden 2002<\/a>, p. 135.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  178.  Penton 1997<\/a>, pp. 314\u2013315.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  179.  Ingersoll-Wood, Carrie S. (2022). “The Educational Identity Formation of Jehovah’s Witnesses, Religion & Education”<\/a>. Religion & Education<\/em>. 49<\/strong> (3): 310\u2013338. doi<\/a>:10.1080\/15507394.2022.2102875<\/a>. S2CID<\/a> 251542550<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  180.  “2025 Governing Body Update #5”<\/a>. Watch Tower Society.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  181.  “Some Educational Opportunities Available”. Our Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 2011. pp. 5\u20136.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Bibliography<\/h2>\n\n\n\n