{"id":1960,"date":"2026-05-18T09:20:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T00:20:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960"},"modified":"2026-05-18T09:20:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T00:20:18","slug":"%e3%82%a8%e3%83%9b%e3%83%90%e3%81%ae%e8%a8%bc%e4%ba%ba%e3%81%ae%e4%bc%9a%e8%a1%86%e8%a6%8f%e5%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960","title":{"rendered":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248Wikipedia\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b Jehovah’s Witnesses congregational discipline<\/a> \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6a5f\u68b0\u7ffb\u8a33\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9eWikipedia\u306e\u300c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba<\/a>\u300d\u306f\u300c\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u5e83\u544a\u30fb\u5ba3\u4f1d\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u9451\u307f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u6587\u732e\u3092\u7ffb\u8a33\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u7ffb\u8a33\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6d77\u5916\u3067\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5831\u9053\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u3001\u8abf\u67fb\u3001\u6279\u5224\u3001\u53cd\u8ad6\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63b2\u8f09\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u4fe1\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u3092\u653b\u6483\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5dee\u5225\u3084\u8feb\u5bb3\u3092\u52a9\u9577\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u610f\u56f3\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u756a\u53f7\u306f\u3001\u539f\u6587Wikipedia\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306b\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u51fa\u5178\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u9650\u308a\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6b8b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5404\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u539f\u6587\u8a18\u4e8b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5404\u5f15\u7528\u5143\u3092\u3054\u78ba\u8a8d\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u306a\u304a\u3001\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u7ffb\u8a33\u306f\u6a5f\u68b0\u7ffb\u8a33\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u8a33\u8a9e\u306e\u63fa\u308c\u3001\u6587\u610f\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u3001\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u5236\u5ea6\u540d\u30fb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u8aa4\u8a33\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u539f\u6587\u81ea\u4f53\u306b\u8aa4\u5b57\u3001\u8868\u8a18\u3086\u308c\u3001\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u3001\u51fa\u5178\u5207\u308c\u3001\u53e4\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3001\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u306f\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u539f\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u30fb\u8a18\u8ff0\u30fb\u5f15\u7528\u756a\u53f7\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u6cd5\u7684\u52a9\u8a00\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u52a9\u8a00\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u6848\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u539f\u6587\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u516c\u7684\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u3054\u78ba\u8a8d\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5150\u7ae5\u8650\u5f85\u3001\u6027\u88ab\u5bb3\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u3001\u88ab\u5bb3\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u3042\u308b\u65b9\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u8ca0\u62c5\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u95b2\u89a7\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3054\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u5fc3\u8eab\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u5341\u5206\u3054\u6ce8\u610f\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u7dca\u6025\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u78ba\u4fdd\u3084\u652f\u63f4\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5730\u57df\u306e\u76f8\u8ac7\u7a93\u53e3\u3001\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u5150\u7ae5\u76f8\u8ac7\u6240\u3001\u533b\u7642\u6a5f\u95a2\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u652f\u63f4\u56e3\u4f53\u7b49\u306b\u3054\u76f8\u8ac7\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ffb\u8a33\u65e5\u3000\uff12\uff10\uff12\uff16\u5e74\uff15\u6708\uff11\uff15\u65e5<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u6982\u8981<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u7d71\u5236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u9577\u8001\u304b\u3089\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306b\u52a9\u8a00\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u5185\u3067\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u304c\u4fdd\u7559\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u79c1\u7684\u306a\u5be9\u7406\u306f\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u9577\u8001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3001\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5be9\u5224\u56e3\u304c\u6709\u7f6a\u6027\u3068\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6212\u544a\u3084\u4f1a\u8846\u3067\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u5236\u9650\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u3092\u542b\u3080\u7834\u9580\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7d71\u5236\u63aa\u7f6e\u304c\u57f7\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3046\u308b\u3002\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u500b\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u5fa9\u5e30\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u54e1\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5fcc\u907f\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u975e\u6210\u54e1\u3084\u5143\u6210\u54e1\u304b\u3089\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u52a9\u8a00\u3068\u6307\u5c0e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u52a9\u8a00<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u306f\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u4e0d\u6b63\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u544a\u767d\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u7279\u6a29\u7684\u306a\u5834\u3067\u52a9\u8a00\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u52a9\u8a00\u304c\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u5185\u3067\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u304c\u4fdd\u7559\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u52a9\u8a00\u306f\u3001\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u307b\u3069\u91cd\u5927\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u52a9\u8a00\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u898f\u5f8b\u3084\u5bb6\u65cf\u898f\u5f8b\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001\u6210\u719f\u3057\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[1] \u9577\u8001\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u3067\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u306b\u52e7\u544a\u3084\u8b66\u544a\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7267\u4f1a\u8a2a\u554f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u300c\u7267\u4f1a\u8a2a\u554f\u300d\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u6210\u54e1\u3092\u52b1\u307e\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5f8c\u65e5\u306e\u8a2a\u554f\u3067\u52a9\u8a00\u3084\u77ef\u6b63\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002[2][3] \u4e8c\u4eba\u306e\u9577\u8001\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9577\u8001\u4e00\u4eba\u3068\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u50d5\u4e00\u4eba\uff09\u304c\u3001\u72ec\u81ea\u306b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u9577\u8001\u56e3\u306e\u6307\u793a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7267\u4f1a\u8a2a\u554f\u3092\u4e88\u5b9a\u3057\u5b9f\u65bd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002[4]\n\n\n\n

\u4fdd\u7559\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u7279\u6a29\u300d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u3092\u72af\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u5185\u3067\u306e\u300c\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u7279\u6a29\u300d\u304c\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[5] \u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u91ce\u5916\u5949\u4ed5\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u5f8c\u306e\u6e05\u6383\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u300c\u7279\u6a29\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u300c\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u7279\u6a29\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u9577\u8001\u3084\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u50d5\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u96c6\u4f1a\u5b9f\u6f14\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u4efb\u547d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002[6] \u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5236\u9650\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[7]\n\n\n\n

\u9577\u8001\u3001\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u50d5\u3001\u958b\u62d3\u8005\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u4efb\u547d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u300c\u7279\u5225\u306a\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u7279\u6a29\u300d\u3092\u5931\u3046\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[8][9] \u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u300c\u826f\u3044\u7acb\u5834\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9577\u8001\u306f\u305d\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u304b\u3089\u89e3\u4efb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306b\u9000\u4efb\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[10] \u4efb\u547d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7acb\u5834\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8f9e\u4efb\u307e\u305f\u306f\u89e3\u4efb\u5f8c\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u5949\u4ed5\u4f1a\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u300c\u3082\u306f\u3084\uff3b\u305d\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3067\uff3d\u5949\u4ed5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u300d\u3068\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8a73\u7d30\u8aac\u660e\u306f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002[11]\n\n\n\n

\u4fdd\u7559\u3055\u308c\u308b\u63a8\u85a6\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4efb\u547d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u9577\u8001\u56e3\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u8cac\u4efb\u3042\u308b\u7acb\u5834\u3067\u5949\u4ed5\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u3078\u306e\u63a8\u85a6\u3092\u4fdd\u7559\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304c\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u306f\u5f15\u304d\u7d9a\u304d\u8a31\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[12]\n\n\n\n

\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u4ed8\u3051<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306e\u52a9\u8a00\u5f8c\u3082\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u306b\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u3046\u308b\u4e8b\u67c4\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6709\u7f6a\u3068\u306f\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30c6\u30b5\u30ed\u30cb\u30b1\u7b2c\u4e8c 3:14\u201315\uff08\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u8a33\uff09\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u300c\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u4ed8\u3051\u300d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c14 \u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u306b\u3088\u308b\u308f\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u306b\u5f93\u308f\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u304c\u3044\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u3092\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3057\u3066\u4ed8\u304d\u5408\u3046\u306e\u3092\u3084\u3081\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u6065\u305a\u304b\u3057\u304f\u601d\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u300215 \u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u6575\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a13\u6212\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u300d[13]\n\n\n\n

\u500b\u4eba\u304c\u300c\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u4ed8\u3051\u300d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u306f\u3001\u975e\u6210\u54e1\u3068\u306e\u4ea4\u969b\u3001[14] \u300c\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u7d50\u5a5a\u81ea\u7531\u3067\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u306e\u4ea4\u969b\u3001[15] \u6020\u60f0\u3001\u6279\u5224\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3001\u4e0d\u6f54\u3001\u5e72\u6e09\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u304b\u3089\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306a\u300d\u5a2f\u697d\u3078\u306e\u803d\u6eba\u306a\u3069\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002[16]\n\n\n\n

\u9577\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001\u300c\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u4ed8\u3051\u300d\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u540d\u3092\u660e\u793a\u305b\u305a\u306b\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u8b66\u544a\u8b1b\u8a71\u3092\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u8005\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u300c\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u4ed8\u3051\u300d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u30022024\u5e74\u306b\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u4ed8\u3051\u306e\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u304c\u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u3001\u9577\u8001\u306f\u3082\u306f\u3084\u671b\u307e\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b1b\u8a71\u3092\u884c\u308f\u305a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u9038\u8131\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u500b\u3005\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u3068\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u4ed8\u304d\u5408\u308f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[17]\n\n\n\n

\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u300c\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u4ed8\u3051\u300d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u500b\u4eba\u306f\u300c\u60aa\u3044\u4ea4\u308f\u308a\u300d\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u793c\u62dd\u5834\u6240\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[18] \u3053\u306e\u63aa\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u65b9\u91dd\u3092\u53d6\u3089\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u6065\u3092\u611f\u3058\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[19]\n\n\n\n

\u5730\u57df\u306e\u5fc5\u8981<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u4f1a\u3084\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5730\u57df\u306e\u5e73\u65e5\u306e\u96c6\u4f1a\u3067\u304a\u3088\u305d\u6708\u306b\u4e00\u5ea6\u3001\u300c\u5730\u57df\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u77ed\u3044\u8b1b\u8a71\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002[20] \u9577\u8001\u306f\u5730\u57df\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3092\u6271\u3044\u3001\u9069\u5207\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u884c\u52d5\u65b9\u91dd\u3092\u793a\u3059\u6307\u793a\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3002\u8b1b\u8a71\u4e2d\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u500b\u4eba\u304c\u540d\u6307\u3057\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8b1b\u8a71\u306f\u6700\u8fd1\u300c\u6212\u544a\u300d\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u6210\u54e1\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6642\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u65b9\u91dd\u304c\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u61f2\u6212\u7684\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u304c\u6b69\u9053\u3092\u8d70\u308b\u306e\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u3001\u738b\u56fd\u4f1a\u9928\u306e\u5916\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u306e\u6848\u5185\u4fc2\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[21]\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u300d\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u898f\u5f8b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee: \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3068\u8f38\u8840\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5150\u7ae5\u6027\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u300d\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3057\u3001\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u5be9\u7406\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u7d76[22]
\u59e6\u6deb
\u809b\u9580\u6027\u4ea4\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53e3\u8154\u6027\u4ea4[23]
\u80cc\u6559[24]
\u7363\u59e6
\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u305f\u795d\u796d\u306e\u795d\u8cc0\u3092\u5968\u52b1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068[25]
\u8f38\u8840[26]
\u30dc\u30af\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0[27][28]
\u300c\u539a\u304b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u884c\u70ba\u300d[29] \u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u653e\u7e26\u306a\u884c\u70ba\u300d[30]\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3092\u542b\u3080:
\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u89aa\u65cf\u4ee5\u5916\u3068\u306e\u4ea4\u969b[29]
\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u89aa\u65cf\u3068\u306e\u300c\u970a\u7684\u300d\u4ea4\u969b[31]
\u4f1a\u8846\u304b\u3089\u4eba\u3092\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068[31]
\u5150\u7ae5\u6027\u7684\u8650\u5f85[32][29]
\u300c\u6cd5\u7684\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u306b\u7d50\u5a5a\u81ea\u7531\u3067\u306a\u3044\u300d\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u306e\u4ea4\u969b[29]
\u30b5\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc\u30bb\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30c6\u30ec\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u30bb\u30c3\u30af\u30b9[33][34]
\u85ac\u7269\u4e71\u7528[35]
\u6ce5\u9154[36]
\u6050\u559d[37]
\u6deb\u884c
\u8a50\u6b3a[38]
\u8ced\u535a[37]
\u5927\u98df[39]
\u8caa\u6b32[37]
\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u30fb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u795d\u65e5\u3092\u795d\u3046\u3053\u3068[40][41][42]
\u540c\u6027\u611b\u884c\u70ba
\u50ac\u7720\u8853[43]
\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dd[44]
\u8fd1\u89aa\u76f8\u59e6
\u7570\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5[40]
\u865a\u507d[45]
\u904e\u5931\u81f4\u6b7b
\u8ecd\u968a\u3078\u306e\u53c2\u52a0[46]
\u6bba\u4eba
\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u4e0d\u6f54\uff08\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5834\u5408\uff09[47]
\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52d5[46]
\u91cd\u5a5a[48]
\u30cf\u30fc\u30c9\u30b3\u30a2\u30fb\u30dd\u30eb\u30ce\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc[49]
\u5bb6\u65cf\u6276\u990a\u306e\u62d2\u5426[50]
\u300c\u7f6a\u306e\u306a\u3044\u914d\u5076\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308b\u62d2\u7d76\u3068\u59e6\u6deb\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u300d\u306e\u518d\u5a5a[51]
\u4e2d\u50b7[38]
\u5fc3\u970a\u8853
\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u30fb\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3b\u52d5[52]
\u7a83\u76d7
\u305f\u3070\u3053\u306e\u4f7f\u7528[35]
\u8a00\u8449\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8650\u5f85
\u66b4\u529b[53]
\u653f\u6cbb\u9078\u6319\u3067\u306e\u6295\u7968[46]\n\n\n\n

\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u72b6\u6cc1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u306e\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u3001\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u300d\u3092\u72af\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3092\u793a\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u77ef\u6b63\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u898f\u5f8b\u300d\uff09\u304c\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u56e3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u57f7\u884c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u4e09\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u308b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304c\u95a2\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u3002[54] \u52a9\u8a00\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5fcc\u907f\u3092\u542b\u3080\u7834\u9580\u3078\u3068\u767a\u5c55\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[55] \u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u500b\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306a\u671f\u9593\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5fa9\u5e30\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u500b\u4eba\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u300d\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[23][25] \u307e\u305f\u3001\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u8077\u696d\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u5b9d\u304f\u3058\u5238\u3001\u9283\u5668\u3001\u305f\u3070\u3053\u306e\u8ca9\u58f2\u3001\u4e2d\u7d76\u30af\u30ea\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8ecd\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u3053\u3068\uff09\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[56][57]\n\n\n\n

\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u3001\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u6559\u3048\u3092\u8aac\u304f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u80cc\u6559\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30021981\u5e74\u306b\u76e3\u7763\u305f\u3061\u3078\u9001\u3089\u308c\u305f\u66f8\u7c21\u2015\u2015\u5143\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f53\u6210\u54e1\u30ec\u30a4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c4\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u306b\u518d\u9332\u3055\u308c\u305f\u2015\u2015\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4ed6\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u3092\u4fe1\u3058\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u300d\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3092\u5e83\u3081\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3068\u6307\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[58] \u901a\u5e38\u3001\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u63aa\u7f6e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u524d\u306b\u672c\u4eba\u3092\u8aac\u5f97\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002[59] \u3042\u308b\u6559\u3048\u304c\u4fee\u6b63\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u8005\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5fcd\u8010\u5f37\u304f\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5909\u5316\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u3092\u5f85\u3064\u300d\u3088\u3046\u52e7\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002[60] \u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f2011\u5e747\u670815\u65e5\u53f7\u306f\u3001\u300c\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u306f\u300e\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u306b\u75c5\u3093\u3067\u304a\u308a\u300f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e0d\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306a\u6559\u3048\u3067\u4ed6\u8005\u3092\u611f\u67d3\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u300c\u5f7c\u3089\u3068\u306e\u63a5\u89e6\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u300d\u3088\u3046\u6c42\u3081\u305f\u3002[61][62] \u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7d44\u7e54\u3092\u53bb\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[63][64]\n\n\n\n

\u624b\u7d9a\u304d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u9577\u8001\u3078\u306e\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u544a\u767d\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9055\u53cd\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u76ee\u6483\u8005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6709\u7f6a\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7533\u547d\u8a1817:6\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30de\u30bf\u30a418:16\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306b\u544a\u767d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u4e8c\u4eba\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[65] \u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6307\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[66] \u4ed6\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306e\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u7f6a\u306b\u52a0\u62c5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u795e\u306e\u524d\u3067\u306e\u7f6a\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[67] \u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u304c\u9055\u53cd\u884c\u70ba\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5b88\u79d8\u7fa9\u52d9\u306e\u8a93\u7d04\u304c\u7834\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[68]\n\n\n\n

\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u56e3\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u544a\u767d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7533\u3057\u7acb\u3066\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u6271\u3046\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3092\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002[69] \u901a\u5e38\u4e09\u4eba\u306e\u9577\u8001\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53f8\u6cd5\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u7533\u3057\u7acb\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7f6a\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8abf\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u5be9\u7406\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u7f6a\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u304c\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u61f2\u6212\u63aa\u7f6e\u304c\u53d6\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3002[70][71][72]\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9577\u8001\u56e3\u306f\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3092\u8a2d\u7f6e\u305b\u305a\u306b\u3001\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u8005\u307e\u305f\u306f\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8005 \u2015 \u672a\u6210\u5e74\u8005\u307e\u305f\u306f\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3070\u3053\u3084\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u98f2\u9152\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u5ea6\u306e\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u300d\u3092\u72af\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[73][74] \u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u3001\u300c\u975e\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u300d\u72b6\u6cc1\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u79d1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081 \u2015 \u9577\u8001\u56e3\u306f\u3001\u7f6a\u4eba\u306e\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u3001\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3042\u308b\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u6570\u5e74\u524d\u306b\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u300d\u3092\u72af\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u7948\u308a\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7f6a\u304c\u8a08\u753b\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[75] \u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u3092\u4f55\u5e74\u3082\u5148\u5ef6\u3070\u3057\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u601d\u3044\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[76] \u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u304b\u3089\u4f55\u5e74\u7d4c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300c\u975e\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u300d\u72b6\u6cc1\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u306a\u304a\u79d1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f8\u6cd5\u4fdd\u7559 \u2015 \u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304f\u6d3b\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u72af\u3057\u305f\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u300d\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7533\u3057\u7acb\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7f6a\u4eba\u304c\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u3068\u4ea4\u969b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u4f1a\u8846\u3068\u306e\u4ea4\u308f\u308a\u3092\u518d\u958b\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3068\u6b63\u5f0f\u5be9\u7406\u3092\u7121\u671f\u9650\u306b\u5ef6\u671f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002[68]\n\n\n\n

\u53f8\u6cd5\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u3092\u544a\u767d\u3057\u305f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u544a\u767a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u306f\u3001\u9577\u8001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3068\u306e\u4f1a\u5408\u306b\u51fa\u5e2d\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u62db\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002[77] \u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u5f01\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u8a3c\u4eba\u3092\u9023\u308c\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u508d\u8074\u4eba\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305a\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u672c\u4eba\u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u8a3c\u62e0\u3092\u898b\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u516c\u958b\u5be9\u7406\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5be9\u7406\u306f\u975e\u516c\u958b\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002[79][80] \u5be9\u7406\u3067\u306f\u9332\u97f3\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002[78] \u88ab\u544a\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5be9\u7406\u3078\u306e\u51fa\u5e2d\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a3c\u62e0\u3068\u8a3c\u8a00\u304c\u691c\u8a0e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u4e0b\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3002[78]\n\n\n\n

\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3092\u6271\u3046\u969b\u306b\u3001\u691c\u5bdf\u5b98\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u5b98\u3001\u966a\u5be9\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3002[81] \u7948\u308a\u3067\u5be9\u7406\u304c\u958b\u59cb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3088\u3046\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6709\u7f6a\u306e\u81ea\u8a8d\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306b\u306f\u544a\u767a\u306e\u51fa\u6240\u304c\u4f1d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u4e00\u4eba\u305a\u3064\u8a3c\u8a00\u3092\u884c\u3046\u305f\u3081\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u5be9\u7406\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u306f\u540c\u5e2d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u63d0\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u3068\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u9000\u5e2d\u3057\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304c\u8a3c\u62e0\u3068\u88ab\u544a\u306e\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3002[78]\n\n\n\n

\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u300d\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u60c5\u72b6\u914c\u91cf\u306e\u4e8b\u60c5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u88ab\u544a\u304c\u514d\u8cac\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u300c\u975e\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u300d\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u898f\u5f8b\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[69] \u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u304c\u72af\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u53e3\u982d\u3067\u8a13\u6212\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u614b\u5ea6\u3068\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u6212\u544a\u306b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u5fcc\u907f\u306b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6212\u544a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6212\u544a\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u3046\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u300c\u5fc3\u306b\u5c4a\u304d\u300d\u3001\u5236\u88c1\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u618e\u307f\u3001\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u7d0d\u5f97\u3055\u305b\u308b\u52aa\u529b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[82][83][84] \u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6212\u544a\u3067\u5341\u5206\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[85][83]\n\n\n\n

\u6212\u544a\u306f\u3001\u9055\u53cd\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8005\u306e\u524d\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u672c\u4eba\u3068\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6212\u544a\u306f\u79c1\u7684\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7f6a\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u8005\u304c\u5c11\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u305d\u306e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3092\u62db\u304d\u3001\u7f6a\u4eba\u3068\u305d\u306e\u7f6a\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u524d\u3067\u6212\u544a\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u304c\u4f1a\u8846\u5168\u4f53\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u3044\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5e73\u65e5\u306e\u96c6\u4f1a\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u300c\u6212\u544a\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[86] \u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5730\u57df\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u300d\u306e\u8b1b\u8a71\u304c\u3001\u8ab0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3082\u6319\u3052\u305a\u3001\u767a\u8868\u3068\u306f\u5225\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[87]\n\n\n\n

\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6212\u544a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5236\u9650\u304c\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[54] \u901a\u5e38\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u306f\u96c6\u4f1a\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u3067\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3001\u96c6\u56e3\u7948\u7977\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306e\u7981\u6b62\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6212\u544a\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u6212\u544a\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304b\u3089\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u4e00\u5e74\u9593\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u958b\u62d3\u8005\u307e\u305f\u306f\u88dc\u52a9\u958b\u62d3\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767b\u9332\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002[88][89]\n\n\n\n

\u5fcc\u907f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4fe1\u6761\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9053\u5fb3\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[90] \u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3078\u306e\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u9055\u53cd\u306f\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\uff08\u7834\u9580\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\uff09\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[91][55] \u9577\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u306f\u300c\u6392\u65a5\uff08disfellowshipping\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u30012024\u5e74\u306b\u305d\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u306f\u5ec3\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u300c\u4f1a\u8846\u304b\u3089\u306e\u9664\u5916\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[92]\n\n\n\n

\u9577\u8001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304c\u3001\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u3092\u72af\u3057\u3001\u304b\u3064\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306f\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u30df\u30b9\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u4eba\u7269\u306f\u3001\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4e0a\u8a34\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u4e0a\u8a34\u8981\u6c42\u306f\u66f8\u9762\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u304b\u30897\u65e5\u4ee5\u5185\u306b\u63d0\u51fa\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u969b\u3001\u4ed6\u5730\u57df\u306e\u9577\u8001\u3084\u8fd1\u96a3\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u304c\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[93]\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u7b2c\u4e00 5:11\u201313\u3001\u30de\u30bf\u30a4 18:15\u201317\u3001\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u7b2c\u4e8c 9\u201311 \u306a\u3069\u306e\u8056\u53e5\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[94][95] \u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6587\u732e\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5143\u6210\u54e1\u3068\u306e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[96]\n\n\n\n

\u795e\u306e\u540d\u3068\u7d44\u7e54\u3078\u306e\u975e\u96e3\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8056\u66f8\u57fa\u6e96\u3078\u306e\u9055\u53cd\u304c\u5bb9\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3002
\u4f1a\u8846\u3092\u3001\u8150\u98df\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u5b88\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002[97]
\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306b\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u65b9\u91dd\u3092\u518d\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u305b\u3001\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u623b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4fc3\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3002[98]\n\n\n\n

\u5fcc\u907f\u306f\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u8131\u9000\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u8f38\u8840\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068[99]\u3001\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u3084\u8ecd\u4e8b\u7d44\u7e54\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068[100][101]\u306a\u3069\u3001\u305d\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u8a3c\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3082\u5b9f\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u306f\u300c\u81ea\u3089\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\uff08disassociated\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u300c\u7121\u6cd5\u8005\u300d\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[102]\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u81ea\u3089\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6b21\u56de\u306e\u5e73\u65e5\u306e\u96c6\u4f1a\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u300c\u3082\u306f\u3084\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u300d\u3068\u306e\u307f\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u3001\u8a73\u7d30\u8aac\u660e\u306f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002[103][104] \u5fcc\u907f\u306f\u767a\u8868\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u958b\u59cb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[103][104] \u901a\u77e5\u66f8\u306f\u5730\u5143\u652f\u90e8\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u306b\u9001\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u3001\u9664\u5916\u8a18\u9332\u306f\u4f1a\u8846\u8a18\u9332\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e21\u65b9\u3068\u3082\u3001\u5fa9\u5e30\u5f8c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30825\u5e74\u9593\u306f\u4fdd\u7ba1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[105][106]\n\n\n\n

\u5fcc\u907f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6307\u793a\u3092\u5b88\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u81ea\u4f53\u3082\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u9055\u53cd\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u9664\u5916\u307e\u305f\u306f\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u3068\u793e\u4ea4\u3092\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u300c\u90aa\u60aa\u306a\u884c\u3044\u306b\u52a0\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u81ea\u8eab\u3082\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[107][108] \u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u5546\u53d6\u5f15\u3084\u540c\u5c45\u3059\u308b\u76f4\u7cfb\u5bb6\u65cf\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u4f8b\u5916\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[55]\n\n\n\n

\u5143\u6210\u54e1\u304c\u4ed6\u306e\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u5bb6\u65cf\u3068\u540c\u3058\u5bb6\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u89aa\u306e\u990a\u80b2\u8cac\u4efb\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3092\u9664\u304d\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u306f\u8a71\u3057\u5408\u308f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002[109][110] \u5bb6\u306e\u5916\u306b\u3044\u308b\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[91] \u9577\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u306b\u6328\u62f6\u3059\u3089\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u6307\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[111][112] 2024\u5e743\u6708\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u306f\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u96c6\u4f1a\u306b\u62db\u5f85\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u3067\u77ed\u3044\u6328\u62f6\u3092\u4ea4\u308f\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[113]\n\n\n\n

\u5fa9\u5e30<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3084\u614b\u5ea6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306b\u5fa9\u5e30\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u5fa9\u5e30\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u5143\u306e\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u6210\u54e1\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u305f\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002[114]\n\n\n\n

\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u4f1a\u8846\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u305f\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u3082\u306f\u3084\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u307e\u305f\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u898f\u5247\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u59ff\u52e2\u3092\u793a\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002[84][115][96] \u3082\u306f\u3084\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7f6a\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u3082\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5fa9\u5e30\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u3082\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306b\u96c6\u4f1a\u3078\u51fa\u5e2d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u5fa9\u5e30\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002[116][117]\n\n\n\n

\u5fa9\u5e30\u6c7a\u5b9a\u304c\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u300c\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5fa9\u5e30\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u7c21\u6f54\u306b\u4f1a\u8846\u3078\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[118]\n\n\n\n

\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5fa9\u5e30\u8cc7\u683c\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u3079\u304d\u624b\u9806\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6307\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[55][116] \u5fa9\u5e30\u307e\u3067\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u671f\u9593\u306f\u5b9a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u5354\u4f1a\u306f\u300c\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u6570\u304b\u6708\u3001\u4e00\u5e74\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u300d\u306e\u671f\u9593\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[119][120][121]\n\n\n\n

\u5fa9\u5e30\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u306b\u306f\u4f1a\u8846\u5185\u3067\u306e\u5236\u9650\u304c\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u96c6\u4f1a\u3067\u306e\u8074\u8846\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5b97\u6559\u96c6\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u521d\u306f\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u300c\u7279\u6a29\u300d\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u300c\u970a\u7684\u306b\u9032\u6b69\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3001\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[122] \u5fa9\u5e30\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u306f\u3001\u9577\u8001\u3001\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u50d5\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u958b\u62d3\u8005\u306a\u3069\u8cac\u4efb\u3042\u308b\u7acb\u5834\u3067\u5949\u4ed5\u3059\u308b\u8cc7\u683c\u3092\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u4f55\u5e74\u306b\u3082\u308f\u305f\u308a\u6301\u3066\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[123]\n\n\n\n

\u672a\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u4f1d\u9053\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u524d\u306b\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u3078\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u672a\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u3067\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3001\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4f1a\u8846\u3068\u5171\u306b\u516c\u306e\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7279\u6a29\u3092\u5931\u3046\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[124]\n\n\n\n

\u672a\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u3001\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u6210\u54e1\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u3046\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6094\u3044\u6539\u3081\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u300c\u3082\u306f\u3084\u826f\u3044\u305f\u3088\u308a\u306e\u4f1d\u9053\u8005\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u300d\u3068\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002[124] \u4ee5\u524d\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u3082\u5fcc\u907f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u672a\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u5236\u9650\u306f\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u4ea4\u969b\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u672a\u30d0\u30d7\u30c6\u30b9\u30de\u8005\u304c\u300c\u7570\u5e38\u306a\u8105\u5a01\u300d\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u5185\u306e\u500b\u3005\u4eba\u3078\u79c1\u7684\u306b\u8b66\u544a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[124]\n\n\n\n

\u6279\u5224\u7684\u898b\u89e3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u3092\u516c\u5f0f\u306b\u96e2\u308c\u308b\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u96e2\u8131\u3059\u308b\u304b\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u7981\u6b62\u4e8b\u9805\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5236\u88c1\u3092\u4f34\u3044\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u4ea4\u969b\u3092\u7d99\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u898f\u5b9a\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u5fcc\u907f\u5b9f\u8df5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u4e0d\u6b63\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u884c\u3046\u8005\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304b\u3089\u4f1a\u8846\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[125]\n\n\n\n

\u6279\u5224\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u79c1\u7684\u304b\u3064\u307b\u307c\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u6301\u3064\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u3084\u7d44\u7e54\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u524d\u4f8b\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6a29\u9650\u4e71\u7528\u3092\u884c\u304a\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5c11\u6570\u8005\u306e\u5408\u610f\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6063\u610f\u7684\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3046\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[126]\n\n\n\n

\u30ec\u30a4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c4\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u30011980\u5e749\u67081\u65e5\u4ed8\u3067\u300e\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u300f\u5354\u4f1a\u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5de1\u56de\u76e3\u7763\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5730\u57df\u76e3\u7763\u3078\u9001\u3063\u305f\u66f8\u7c21\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3082\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5854\u5354\u4f1a\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306b\u3001\u5358\u306b\u8003\u3048\u306e\u4e0a\u3067\u540c\u610f\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3082\u3001\u80cc\u6559\u3092\u72af\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u300d\u3068\u52a9\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002[127] \u305d\u306e\u66f8\u7c21\u306f\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u6559\u7fa9\u3092\u300c\u5e83\u3081\u308b\u300d\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u304f\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u9577\u8001\u305f\u3061\u306f\u300c\u554f\u984c\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u80cc\u6559\u8005\u300d\u3068\u300c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u304c\u5f31\u307e\u308a\u7591\u5ff5\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u300d\u3068\u3092\u898b\u5206\u3051\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002[127]\n\n\n\n

\u6cd5\u7684\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1987\u5e746\u6708\u306e\u300cPaul v. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Inc.\u300d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u7b2c9\u5de1\u56de\u533a\u63a7\u8a34\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3084\u6559\u7fa9\u306b\u5f93\u308f\u306a\u3044\u8005\u3092\u5fcc\u907f\u3059\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u8a8d\u3081\u3001\u4e0b\u7d1a\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3057\u305f\u3002\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u5fcc\u907f\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u304c\u6b63\u5178\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b9f\u8df5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6211\u3005\u306f\u305d\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u518d\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u7531\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6211\u3005\u306f\u3001\u5fcc\u907f\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u304c\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ecb\u5165\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u307b\u3069\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306e\u5e73\u548c\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9053\u5fb3\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5341\u5206\u306a\u8105\u5a01\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3002\u2026\u2026\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u6210\u54e1\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5143\u6210\u54e1\uff09\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u306f\u5be9\u67fb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u6210\u54e1\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5143\u6210\u54e1\u306b\u898f\u5f8b\u3092\u8ab2\u3059\u969b\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u88c1\u91cf\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d[128][129][130]\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f1988\u5e74\u306e\u300eWashington University Law Quarterly\u300f\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ad6\u8a55\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u4f7f\u6761\u9805\u3092\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\u8cac\u4efb\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7279\u6a29\u307e\u3067\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u7b2c9\u5de1\u56de\u533a\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u306f\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u304c\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u4f7f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u306e\u591a\u304f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u5b97\u6559\u56e3\u4f53\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u884c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u5211\u4e8b\u5236\u88c1\u3092\u8ab2\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3086\u3048\u306b\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057 Paul \u4e8b\u4ef6\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u56e3\u4f53\u304c\u653b\u6483\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u884c\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u539f\u544a\u306e\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u798f\u7949\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u2026\u2026Paul \u5224\u6c7a\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u6a29\u5229\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u6cd5\u7406\u3092\u4e0d\u5e78\u306b\u3082\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d[131]\n\n\n\n

2018\u5e745\u670831\u65e5\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f9\u5bfe0\u306e\u5224\u6c7a\u3092\u4e0b\u3057\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306b\u306f\u5b97\u6559\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u8cc7\u683c\u554f\u984c\u3092\u5be9\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u7ba1\u8f44\u6a29\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002\u300c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u56e3\u4f53\u306f\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u6210\u54e1\u8cc7\u683c\u3068\u898f\u5247\u3092\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6cd5\u7684\u7d1b\u4e89\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3092\u9664\u304d\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u4ecb\u5165\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3001\u30de\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0\u30fb\u30ed\u30a6\u5224\u4e8b\u306f\u5224\u6c7a\u6587\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002[132]\n\n\n\n

2021\u5e74\u3001\u30d9\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3092\u96e2\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5dee\u5225\u304a\u3088\u3073\u618e\u60aa\u6247\u52d5\u3092\u7406\u7531\u306b\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u30781\u4e072,000\u30e6\u30fc\u30ed\u306e\u7f70\u91d1\u3092\u79d1\u3057\u305f\u3002[133] \u7f70\u91d1\u306f\u5f53\u521d9\u4e076,000\u30e6\u30fc\u30ed\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u6e1b\u984d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[134] \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e0a\u8a34\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u7f70\u91d1\u306f\u7121\u7f6a\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[135]\n\n\n\n

2022\u5e74\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5973\u6027\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u8d77\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a34\u8a1f\u304c\u3001\u30ce\u30eb\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306b\u3088\u308b\u53f8\u6cd5\u5be9\u67fb\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[136] \u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u30012021\u5e74\u5206\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u56e3\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u516c\u7684\u52a9\u6210\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002[137] \u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u5074\u306f\u5bfe\u6297\u8a34\u8a1f\u3092\u63d0\u8d77\u3057\u305f\u3002[138]\n\n\n\n

References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1.  Keep Yourselves in God’s Love<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 2014. pp. 142\u2013143.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2.  “Do You Accept Jehovah’s Help?”<\/a>. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. December 15, 2004. p. 21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3.  “Charisma\u2014Praise to Man or Glory to God?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. February 15, 1998. p. 27.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4.  “How Christian Shepherds Serve You”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. March 15, 1996. p. 27.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5.  “Let Discernment Safeguard You”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. March 15, 1997. p. 19. Even well-meaning Christians have shared information about seemingly profitable ventures, only to find that they and those following their example lost the money they invested. As a result, a number of Christians have lost privileges in the congregation.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6.  “Let Your Advancement Be Manifest \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY”<\/a>. wol.jw.org<\/em>. Retrieved 2023-10-05.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7.  “Are You Reaching Out?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 1, 1990. p. 23. Even if counsel has been required, it may not be such a long time before a humble and grateful man again receives added privileges of service in the congregation.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8.  “Make Room for It”. Our Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. April 1, 2003. p. 1. Jehovah’s Witnesses use the term “special privileges of service” for positions requiring formal appointment or approval, such as elder, ministerial servant, pioneer, Bethel (branch) service, and schools such as Gilead and Ministerial Training School.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9.  Draw Close To Jehovah<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. pp. 268\u2013269.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10.  “Father and Elder\u2014Fulfilling Both Roles”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 15, 1996. p. 21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11.  “Announcements”. Our Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. February 1991. p. 7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12.  “Announcements”. Our Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. June 2005. p. 3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1985. p. 31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 1999. p. 31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. pp. 124\u20135.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16.  Organized to do Jehovah’s will<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 2015. pp. 134\u20136. This could include such things as being extremely lazy, critical, or dirty. He could be “meddling with what does not concern [him].” (2 Thess. 3:11) Or he might be one who schemes to take material advantage of others or indulges in entertainment that is clearly improper.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. August 2024. p. 7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 1999. p. 31. Their ceasing to have social dealings and recreation with him might show him that principled people disliked his ways. … Christians in the congregation who are thus alerted can individually decide to limit any socializing with ones who clearly are pursuing a disorderly course but who are still brothers.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19.  “Questions From Readers”<\/a>. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1985. pp. 30\u201331.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. pp. 161\u2013163.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21.  “Question Box”. Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. March 1972. p. 4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 2009. p. 12. Understanding that timeless truth has helped millions of Christians to repudiate the practice of abortion, seeing it as a serious sin against God.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23.  “Honor Godly Marriage!”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. March 15, 1983. p. 31. A mate’s enforcing perverted acts, such as oral or anal sex, within the marriage would not constitute a Scriptural basis for a divorce that would free either for remarriage. … If it becomes known that a member of the congregation is practicing or openly advocating perverted sex relations within the marriage bond, that one certainly would not be irreprehensible, and so would not be acceptable for special privileges, such as serving as an elder, a ministerial servant or a pioneer. Such practice and advocacy could even lead to expulsion from the congregation.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. pp. 90\u201391.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  25.  Correspondence Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 29. An individual would not normally be disfellowshipped for celebrating a birthday. However, if someone persists in strongly advocating the celebrating of birthdays or actively solicits birthday associated business, thus openly encouraging such celebrations and hence creating division, disfellowshipping may be in order.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  26.  Jehovah’s Witnesses\u2014Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. pp. 182\u2013184. Consistent with that understanding of matters, beginning in 1961 any who ignored the divine requirement, accepted blood transfusions, and manifested an unrepentant attitude were disfellowshipped from the congregations of Jehovah’s Witnesses.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  27.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 71. If a Christian took up professional boxing and refused to stop despite repeated counsel, judicial action would be appropriate.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  28.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 1, 1981. pp. 30\u201331. If a Christian were to become a professional boxer, this would put him in conflict with God’s counsel. … Such a person should be given a reasonable period of time to discontinue his unchristian profession or occupation. His failure to do so would mean that the elders would have no alternative but to exclude him from the congregation.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  29.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. 2021. pp. 60\u201361. Rather than relating to bad conduct of a somewhat petty or minor nature, “brazen conduct” describes acts that reflect an attitude that betrays disrespect, disregard, or even contempt for divine standards, laws, and authority. … brazen conduct may be involved in the following if the wrongdoer has an insolent, contemptuous attitude made evident by a practice of these things: Willful, continued, unnecessary association with disfellowshipped nonrelatives despite repeated counsel. … Child sexual abuse … Continuing to date or pursue a romantic relationship with a person though not legally or Scripturally free to marry.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  30.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1973. p. 574.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  31.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 116. If members of the congregation are known to have undue association with disfellowshipped or disassociated relatives who are not in the household … he would not be dealt with judicially unless there is persistent spiritual association or he openly criticizes the disfellowshipping decision.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  32.  “Prevention in the Home”. Awake!<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 8, 1993. p. 10. Similarly the Christian congregation today enforces strong laws against all forms of sexual abuse. Anyone who sexually abuses a child risks being disfellowshipped, put out of the congregation.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  33.  Correspondence Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 22. When an individual makes a practice of engaging in immoral conversations by telephone or Internet chat rooms or by similar electronic means, this can constitute obscene speech and\/or loose, brazen conduct, either of which can be a basis for judicial action.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  34.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. pp. 64, 69.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  35.  “You Must Be Holy Because Jehovah Is Holy”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. February 15, 1976. p. 123. Jehovah has brought to the attention of his “holy” people the need to disfellowship those dedicated, baptized Christians who refuse to break and give up the drug and tobacco habits.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  36.  Correspondence Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 8. In cases where reproach has been brought upon the congregation by public drunkenness, judicial action may be required, even if only one incident has occurred.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  37.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 69.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  38.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. pp. 67\u201368.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  39.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 67. A glutton routinely shows a lack of restraint, even gorging himself on food to the point of feeling very uncomfortable or becoming sick. Gluttony is determined, not by someone’s size, but by his attitude toward food.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  40.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 65.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  41.  Correspondence Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 63. False religious holidays, such as Christmas (w00 12\/15 3-7; w97 12\/15 3-7; g81 12\/22 16-17), Easter (w96 4\/1 3-5; g86 3\/22 5-8), and Halloween (g01 10\/8 3-10; g81 10\/22 16), all have pagan roots and are not shared in by true Christians. … Our publications have commented on the following holidays: New Year’s Day (g02 1\/8 20-1; g86 12\/22 20-1; w74 1\/1 32); Thanksgiving Day and harvest-day festivals (w97 9\/15 8-9; g76 11\/22 9-13); Father’s Day, Mother’s Day, and Valentine’s Day (g74 2\/8 27-8); carnival celebrations (g96 6\/8 14- 15); and Hanukkah.\u2014g90 12\/8 11-13.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  42.  You Can Live Forever in Paradise on Earth<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 214. So holidays that tend to exalt a man or a human organization are not in harmony with God’s will, and true Christians will not share in them.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  43.  Correspondence Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 26.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  44.  Correspondence Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 10. Judicial action would be taken if a person who has not joined another religion unrepentantly continues to engage in what are clearly apostate acts, such as bowing before altars and images and sharing actively in false religious songs and prayers.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  45.  “Speak Truth With Your Neighbor”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. June 15, 2009. p. 18.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  46.  Correspondence Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 84. The Witnesses do not interfere with what others do as to voting in political elections, running for political office, campaigning for politicians, or joining the military. But since true Christians are “no part of the world,” a baptized Christian who deliberately pursues a course in violation of Christian neutrality removes (disassociates) himself from the congregation of Jehovah’s people.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  47.  Correspondence Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 27. Every effort should be made to help the offender see the need to keep his body and\/or place of residence physically clean. … If there is blatant, willful disregard of the counsel given and the extreme unclean, offensive conditions continue, disfellowshipping action may be necessary.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  48.  “Adjust the Bible to Polygamy?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 1, 1985. p. 10. polygamy is not to be condoned for any Christian regardless of nationality or circumstance. … This leaves no room for polygamy among true Christians.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  49.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 2006. p. 31. But not all viewing of pornography calls for a hearing before a judicial committee. \u2026 However, suppose a Christian has secretly viewed abhorrent, sexually degrading pornography for years and has done everything possible to conceal this sin. Such pornography might feature gang rape, bondage, sadistic torture, the brutalizing of women, or even child pornography. When others become aware of his conduct, he is deeply ashamed. He has not been brazen, but the elders may determine that he has ‘given himself over’ to this filthy habit and has practiced ‘uncleanness with greediness,’ that is, gross uncleanness. A judicial committee would be formed because gross uncleanness is involved. The wrongdoer would be disfellowshipped if he did not display godly repentance<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  50.  “When Marital Peace Is Threatened”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. November 1, 1988. p. 22. Stubborn refusal to support one’s family may result in disfellowshipping.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  51.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 71. If a divorced person remarries and he was not Scripturally free to do so\u2014in other words, if adultery and rejection by the innocent mate had not occurred\u2014he has entered into an adulterous marriage. In Jehovah’s eyes, he has married someone while still bound to another. Entering into such a marriage would call for judicial action.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  52.  “Singapore Tramples on Freedom of Worship”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 1995. p. 31. Jehovah’s Witnesses are known as decent, honest, law-abiding people. They are recognized for their staunch refusal to take part in any kind of subversive, antigovernment activity\u2014unchristian action that can result in their being disfellowshipped, or excommunicated.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  53.  “Help for Battered Women”. Awake!<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. November 8, 2001. pp. 9\u201312. A “smiter” does not qualify for special privileges in the Christian congregation. Indeed, any professed Christian who repeatedly and unrepentantly gives in to fits of anger can be disfellowshipped from the Christian congregation.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  54.  Organized to Do Jehovah’s Will<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 2015. pp. 148\u2013149.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  55.  “Do Jehovah’s Witnesses Shun Former Members of Their Religion?”<\/a>. JW.ORG<\/em>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 29 January 2017. If A baptized Witness makes a practice of breaking the Bible’s moral code and does not repent, he or she will be shunned or disfellowshipped We do not automatically disfellowship someone who commits a serious sin. If, however, a baptized Witness makes a practice of breaking the Bible’s moral code and does not repent, he or she will be shunned or disfellowshipped. \u2026 The marriage relationship and normal family affections and dealings continue. Disfellowshipped individuals may attend our religious services. If they wish, they may also receive spiritual counsel from congregation elders. The goal is to help each individual once more to qualify to be one of Jehovah’s Witnesses. Disfellowshipped people who reject improper conduct and demonstrate a sincere desire to live by the Bible’s standards are always welcome to become members of the congregation again.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  56.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1999. pp. 29\u201330. A Christian should avoid secular work that directly promotes activities that God disapproves of. … Clearly, a person employed in a gambling den, an abortion clinic, or a house of prostitution would be an accomplice in an unscriptural practice. Even if his daily work there was merely sweeping floors or answering the telephone, he would be contributing to a practice that God’s Word condemns.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  57.  Correspondence Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. pp. 43\u201350. If a member of the congregation gets involved in an employment situation that unquestionably puts him in conflict with the Bible … a period of time up to six months might be allowed for him to make the needed adjustments. In those cases in which that is not done, the person can be disfellowshipped or noted as someone who has disassociated himself from God’s neutral congregation.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  58.  To All Circuit and District Overseers<\/em>, September 1, 1980, “Keep in mind that to be disfellowshipped, an apostate does not have to be a promoter of apostate views. … if a baptized Christian abandons the teachings of Jehovah, as presented by the faithful and discreet slave, and persists in believing other doctrine despite Scriptural reproof, then he is apostatizing. … [If] he continues to believe the apostate ideas and rejects what he has been provided through the ‘slave class,’ then appropriate judicial action should be taken. … [If] something reasonably substantial comes to the attention of the elders along this line, it would be appropriate to make a kindly, discreet inquiry so as to protect the flock.” Reproduced in Franz, Raymond (1983). “11”. Crisis of Conscience<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  59.  “Put Up a Hard Fight for the Faith”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. June 1, 1998. p. 19.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  60.  “Show a Waiting Attitude!”<\/a>. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 1, 2000.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  61.  “Will You Heed Jehovah’s Clear Warnings?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 2011. p. 15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  62.  Holden, Andrew (2002). Jehovah’s Witnesses: Portrait of a Contemporary Religious Movement<\/em><\/a>. Routledge. p. 163. ISBN<\/a> 0-415-26609-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  63.  Taylor, Jerome (27 September 2011). “War of words breaks out among Jehovah’s Witnesses”<\/a>. The Independent<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  64.  “Jehovah’s Witnesses church likens defectors to ‘contagious, deadly disease'”<\/a>. Sunday Herald Sun<\/em>. October 2, 2011. p. 39.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  65.  Pay Attention to Yourselves and to All the Flock<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 111.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  66.  “Why Report What Is Bad?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. August 15, 1997. p. 27.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  67.  Insight on the Scriptures<\/em><\/a>. Vol. 2. Watch Tower Society. p. 969.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  68.  “A Time to Speak\u2014When?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 1, 1987. pp. 12\u201315.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  69.  “New Arrangements for Congregation Organization”. Our Kingdom Service<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 1, 1977. pp. 5\u20136.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  70.  “”Gifts in Men” to Care for Jehovah’s Sheep”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. June 1, 1999. p. 14.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  71.  “Elders, Judge With Righteousness”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 1, 1992. p. 16.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  72.  “Disfellowshipping\u2014A Loving Provision?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 1995. p. 25.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  73.  “Jehovah’s Sheep Need Tender Care”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. January 15, 1996. p. 18.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  74.  “Questions From Readers”<\/a>. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 2006. pp. 30\u201331.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  75.  “Question Box”. Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 1972. p. 8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  76.  “Make Wise Use of Your Christian Freedom”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. June 1, 1992. p. 19.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  77.  “12”. Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  78.  Pay Attention to Yourselves and to All the Flock<\/em>. 1991. pp. 110\u2013120.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  79.  Raymond Franz (2007). In Search of Christian Freedom<\/em>. Commentary Press. p. 321.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  80.  Beverley, James A. (1986). Crisis of Allegiance<\/em>. Welch Publishing. p. 71. It is unclear whether accused individuals have always had the option to call witnesses. The judicial committee hearing accusations that resulted in the disfellowshipping of Canadian Witness James Penton in February 1981 refused Penton’s request to have a lawyer present and to call witnesses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  81.  M. James Penton (1997). Apocalypse Delayed<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. p. 89.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  82.  “How Wise Reprovers Aid Erring Ones”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. December 1, 1976. p. 723.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  83.  “Repentance Leading Back to God”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 1, 1981. pp. 22\u201327.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  84.  “Imitate Jehovah\u2014Exercise Justice and Righteousness”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. August 1, 1998. pp. 12\u201317.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  85.  “Keep Submitting to “the Spirit that Is Life-Giving””. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1987.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  86.  “Giving Reproof “Before All Onlookers””. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. December 1, 1976. p. 733.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  87.  Organized to Do Jehovah’s Will<\/em><\/a>. Watch Tower Society. 2015. p. 135. Elders will use discernment in determining whether a particular situation is sufficiently serious and disturbing to others to warrant a warning talk. The speaker will provide appropriate counsel concerning disorderly conduct, but he will not name the disorderly one. Consequently, those who are aware of the situation described in the talk will take care to avoid socializing with such an individual, although they will continue spiritual association.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  88.  “Announcements”. Our Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. March 1, 1983. p. 3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  89.  “Always Accept Jehovah’s Discipline”<\/a>. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. November 15, 2006. p. 30. During the time that an individual who has been judicially reproved is healing spiritually … it would be beneficial for the repentant one to listen rather than comment at meetings.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  90.  “How Baptism Can Save Us”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. January 15, 1989. p. 17.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  91.  “Disfellowshiping\u2014How to View It”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1981. pp. 22\u201323.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  92.  “Help for Those Who Are Removed From the Congregation”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. August 2024. p. 27. We will no longer refer to such ones as being disfellowshipped. In harmony with Paul’s words recorded at 1 Corinthians 5:13, we will now refer to them as being removed from the congregation.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  93.  “Question Box”<\/a>. Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. January 1, 1980. p. 4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  94.  Keep Yourselves in God’s Love<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2014. p. 35.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  95.  “You May Gain Your Brother”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 15, 1999. p. 22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  96.  “Always Accept Jehovah’s Discipline”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. November 15, 2006. p. 27.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  97.  “Jealous for the Pure Worship of Jehovah”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1995. p. 11.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  98.  “The Bible’s Viewpoint\u2014Why Disfellowshipping Is a Loving Arrangement”. Awake!<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 8, 1996. pp. 26\u201327.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  99.  “Jehovah’s Witnesses drop transfusion ban”<\/a>. transfusions have been relegated to ‘non-disfellowshipping events’ … If a member has a transfusion, they will, by their actions disassociate themselves from the religion.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  100.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 15, 1986. p. 32.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  101.  “Questions From Readers”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. January 15, 1982. p. 31. The second situation involves a person who renounces his standing in the congregation by joining a secular organization whose purpose is contrary to counsel such as that found at Isaiah 2:4, … neither will they learn war anymore.”<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  102.  “Do You Hate Lawlessness?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. February 15, 2011. p. 31. Do we share Jesus’ view of those who have become set in their lawless course? We need to give thought to these questions: ‘Would I choose to associate regularly with someone who has been disfellowshipped or who has disassociated himself from the Christian congregation? What if that one is a close relative who no longer lives at home?’ Such a situation can be a real test of our loyalty to God.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  103.  Pay Attention to Yourselves and to All the Flock<\/em>. 1991. pp. 121\u2013122.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  104.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 104.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  105.  “Re: Correspondence from branch office and congregation file”. Letter to All bodies of elders. Christian Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses. December 6, 2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  106.  Branch Organization Manual<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2015. p. 98.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  107.  Pay Attention to Yourselves and all the Flock<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 103. 2 John 11 (“For he that says a greeting to him is a sharer in his wicked works.”)<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  108.  Botting, Heather; Botting, Gary<\/a> (1984). The Orwellian World of Jehovah’s Witnesses<\/em>. University of Toronto Press. p. 91. ISBN<\/a> 0-8020-6545-7<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  109.  Keep Yourselves in God’s Love<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2014. pp. 207\u2013208. We do not have spiritual or social fellowship with disfellowshipped ones. … In some instances, the disfellowshipped family member may still be living in the same home as part of the immediate household. Since his being disfellowshipped does not sever the family ties, normal day-to-day family activities and dealings may continue. Yet, by his course, the individual has chosen to break the spiritual bond between him and his believing family. So loyal family members can no longer have spiritual fellowship with him.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  110.  “How Can You Help a ‘Prodigal’ Child?”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 2001. pp. 16\u201317.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  111.  “Display Christian Loyalty When a Relative Is Disfellowshipped”<\/a>. Our Kingdom Ministry<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. August 1, 2002. pp. 3\u20134.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  112.  “Disfellowshiping\u2014How to View It”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1981. p. 25. A simple ‘Hello’ to someone can be the first step that develops into a conversation and maybe even a friendship. Would we want to take that first step with a disfellowshiped person?<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  113.  2024 Governing Body update #2<\/em><\/a>. WatchTower Bible and Tract Society. Event occurs at 13:12. Retrieved April 11, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  114.  “An Overseer Must Be … Self-Controlled”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1991. p. 21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  115.  “The Challenge of Following in His Footsteps”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. May 1, 1998. p. 15.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  116.  “A Step on the Way Back”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. August 15, 1992. p. 31.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  117.  “Safeguard Your Heart”. Awake!<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. July 8, 1970. p. 28. And if he seeks reinstatement, he must show his sincerity by attending congregation meetings with no one speaking to him, all the while giving evidence of repentance.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  118.  Organized to Do Jehovah’s Will<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2015. p. 144.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  119.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. p. 119.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  120.  Correspondence Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. pp. 109\u2013110. The elders are careful to allow sufficient time, perhaps a year or even longer, for the disfellowshipped person to demonstrate that his profession of repentance is genuine.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  121.  “Imitate Jehovah’s Mercy”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 1998. p. 18. Although it seems that the wrongdoer in Corinth was reinstated within a relatively short period of time, this is not to be used as a standard for all disfellowshippings.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  122.  Shepherd the Flock of God<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 121.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  123.  Circuit Overseer Guidelines<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. pp. 72\u201373. depending on the gravity of the wrongdoing, this might take five, ten, or more years. In cases of great scandal, a brother might not live the reproach down sufficiently in his lifetime so as to qualify as an elder or a ministerial servant. A brother who enters into an adulterous marriage would not qualify to serve as an elder or a ministerial servant at least until the death or remarriage of his former mate, if ever. Neither would he qualify to serve as an auxiliary or regular pioneer or be assigned to help with the literature, accounts, magazines, attendants, or similar assignments.<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  124.  “Helping Others to Worship God”. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. November 15, 1988. pp. 18\u201319.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  125.  Jehovah’s Witnesses\u2014Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. 1993. p. 232.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  126.  Franz, Raymond (2007). In Search Of Christian Freedom<\/em>. pp. 374\u2013390. Franz says the Watch Tower Society ignores the “clear principle of openness in the conduct of judicial proceedings” and cites the Watch Tower Society publication, Insight on the Scriptures<\/em>, Vol 1, p. 518, which states that “publicity that would be afforded any trial at the gate would tend to influence the judges toward care and justice in the trial proceedings and in their decisions”.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  127.  Franz, Raymond (2004). Crisis of Conscience<\/em> (4 ed.). Commentary Press. pp. 341\u2013342. ISBN<\/a> 0-914675-24-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  128.  Paul v. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Inc<\/em>, 819 F.2d 875<\/a> (9th Cir. 1987).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  129.  “Discipline That Can Yield Peaceable Fruit”<\/a>. The Watchtower<\/em>. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1988. pp. 26\u201330.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  130.  “Religion: The Right to Shun”<\/a>. Time<\/em>. June 29, 1987. Archived from the original<\/a> on October 8, 2008. The Constitution’s guarantee of ‘free exercise,’ said the appeals panel, applies even to unpopular groups and practices<\/q><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  131.  Ptasiewicz, Seth (1988). “The Ninth Circuit’s Eleventh Commandment to Religious Groups: Thou Shalt Not Be Liable for Thine Intentional Intangible Torts: Paul v. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.<\/em>, 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987)”<\/a>. Washington University Law Quarterly<\/em>. 66<\/strong> (4): 807\u2013818.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  132.  Highwood Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses (Judicial Committee) v. Wall<\/em>, 1 SCR 750 37273<\/a> (Supreme Court of Canada 2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  133.  Chini, Ma\u00efth\u00e9 (16 March 2021). “Jehovah’s Witnesses given \u20ac12,000 fine for incitement to hatred against ex-members”<\/a>. The Brussels Times<\/a><\/em>. Retrieved 5 June 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  134.  “Reconnue coupable, l’ASBL T\u00e9moins de J\u00e9hovah condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 une amende effective de 96.000 euros”<\/a>. La Libre Belgique<\/a><\/em> (in French). Retrieved 24 February 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  135.  Fautre, Willy<\/a>. “BELGIQUE : les T\u00e9moins de J\u00e9hovah acquitt\u00e9s en appel pour des all\u00e9gations de discrimination et d’incitation \u00e0 la haine”<\/a>. European News Exchange<\/a><\/em> (in French). Retrieved 24 February 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  136.  “N\u00e5dde ikke frem i H\u00f8yesterett”<\/a>. NRK<\/a><\/em> (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 February 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  137.  “Jehovas vitner kan miste status som trossamfunn”<\/a>. NKR<\/em> (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 February 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  138.  “Jehovas vitner saks\u00f8ker staten”<\/a>. NKR<\/em> (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 February 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001Wikipedia\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\u300cJehovah\u2019s Witnesses\u300d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7ffb\u8a33\u30fb\u7de8\u96c6\u3057\u3066\u63b2\u8f09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
    \u539f\u6587\uff1a    Jehovah’s Witnesses congregational discipline<\/a>
    \u539f\u8457\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aWikipedia contributors
    \u30e9\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u30b9\uff1a    CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u672c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248Wikipedia\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b Jehovah’s Witnesses congregational discipline \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6a5f\u68b0\u7ffb\u8a33\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-1960","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"nothumb"},"yoast_head":"\n\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b - \u65b0\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u7d71\u5236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b - \u65b0\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u7d71\u5236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u65b0\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-18T00:20:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u63a8\u5b9a\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u6642\u9593\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"87\u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnytas.info\\\/?page_id=1960\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnytas.info\\\/?page_id=1960\",\"name\":\"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b - \u65b0\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnytas.info\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-18T00:20:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-18T00:20:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u7d71\u5236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnytas.info\\\/?page_id=1960#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ja\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnytas.info\\\/?page_id=1960\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnytas.info\\\/?page_id=1960#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnytas.info\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnytas.info\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnytas.info\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u65b0\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\",\"description\":\"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnytas.info\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ja\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b - \u65b0\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc","description":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u7d71\u5236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960","og_locale":"ja_JP","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b - \u65b0\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc","og_description":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u7d71\u5236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002","og_url":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960","og_site_name":"\u65b0\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc","article_modified_time":"2026-05-18T00:20:18+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u63a8\u5b9a\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u6642\u9593":"87\u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960","url":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960","name":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b - \u65b0\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-05-18T00:20:17+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-18T00:20:18+00:00","description":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8846\u306e\u9577\u8001\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u7d71\u5236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ja","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?page_id=1960#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u30db\u30fc\u30e0","item":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306e\u4f1a\u8846\u898f\u5f8b"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/","name":"\u65b0\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc","description":"\u30a8\u30db\u30d0\u306e\u8a3c\u4eba\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ja"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1960"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1975,"href":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1960\/revisions\/1975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunnytas.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}